symptoms gab
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| signs for cardiopulmonary distress are | subjective, patient description EX) pain, shortness of breath, cough
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| symptoms for cardiopulmonary distress are | objective, measurable, and assessed values EX) vital signs
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| assess symptoms to determine .. | seriousness of problem, potential underlying cause, effectiveness of treatment
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| what are the 5 primary symptoms of cardiopulmonary disorders | -cough
-sputum production
-hemoptysis
-dyspnea
-chest pain
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| what is the protective reflex our bodies use | cough
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| what causes the cough | inflammatory, mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation of receptors
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| what are our cough receptors | pharynx, larynx, trachea, large bronchi, lung, and visceral pleura
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| key to determine etiology | careful history, physical exam, and CXR
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| possible causes of inflammation | infection, lung absceses, drug reaction, allergy, edema, hyperemia, tuberculosis
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| mechanical stimulation | inhaled dust, suction catheter, food
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| obstruction stimulation | tumors, foreign bodies
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| chemical stimulation | inhaled irritant, gases, fumes, smoke
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| temperature stimulants | inhaled hot or cold air
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| ear stimulants | pressure in the middle ear
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| what is atelectasis | collapsed alveoli
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| what is fibrosis | damage to the lung areas/ scar tissue
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| nerves included in the Afferent pathway | vagus, phrenic, glossopharyngeal, and trigeminal
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| nerves included in the Efferent pathway | smooth muscles of larynx & tracheobronchial tree via phrenic, spinal
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| what reduces the effectiveness of a cough | stroke, obstruction, emphysema, thick sputum
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| what does acute mean | sudden onset, severe, viral infection(self-limiting)
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| what does chronic mean | persistent, lasts over 3 weeks,
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| paroxysmal | periodic, prolonged, forceful episodes
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| associated symptoms of coughing | -wheezing
-stridor
-chest pain
-dyspnea
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| what is stridor | high pitched, musical breathing. (inspiratory)
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| complications of cough | torn chest muscle, rib fractures, disruption of surgical wounds, arrhythmia, urinary incontinence
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| what is sputum | secrections from tracheobronchial tree, pharynx, mouth, sinuses, nose
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| phlegm | secretions from lungs
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| components of sputum | mucus, cellular debris, microorganisms, blood, pus, foreign objects
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| normal sputum production | 100ml/day
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| aspects of abnormal sputum | color, quantity, consistency, odor, time of day, presence of blood
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| hemoptysis | sputum containing blood
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| causes of hemoptysis | cardiovascular, hematologic, systemic disorders, TB, bronchiopulmonary
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| hematemesis | vomited blood, swallowed from resp tract
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| causes of hematemesis | alcoholism or cirrhosis of the liver
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| blood PH of hemoptysis | alkaline
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| blood PH OF hematemesis | acidic
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| SOB | shortness of breath, cardinal symptom of cardiac disease
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| dyspnea | breathing discomfort ; breathless, short-winded
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| scoring system for dyspnea | 0-10 (10 max SOB), Questionnaire, borg scale
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| types of dyspnea | cardiac and circulatory, psychogenic, hyperventilation
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| cardiac dyspnea | inadequate supply of o2 to tissues; prim during exercise
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| psychogenic dyspnea | panic disorder, not related to exertion
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| hyperventilation dyspnea | results on hypocapnia and decreased cerebral blood flow; resp rate exceeds body's metabolic need
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| chronic dyspnea | COPD, CHF
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| acute dyspnea | asthma, bronchitis croup; in children, hyperventilation, panic disorder, pneumonia; in adults
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| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | when sleeping in recumbent position ; ass. with coughing; sign of left heart failure
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| orthopnea | when lying down; ass with left heart failure
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| trepopnea | when lying on one side; unilateral lung disease, pleural effusion
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| platypnea | dyspnea in upright position
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| orthodeoxia | hypoxemia in upright position, relieved by returning to a recumbent position
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| causes of chest pain | cardiac ischemia; inflam. disease of thorax, abdomen; trauma anxiety
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| syncope | dizziness and fainting
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| causes of syncope | thrombosis, embolism, atherosclerotic obstruction ; bouts of laughing, hypoxia
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| orthostatic hypotension | sudden drop in blood pressure when you stand up ; dizziness, blurred vision, syncope
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| causes of orthostatic hypotension | elderly, vasodilator use, dehydration
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| carotid sinus syncope | slows pulse rate, decreases blood pressure
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| tussive syncope | caused by strong coughing, seen most in men with COPD, obesity.
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| dependent edema | soft tissue swelling from abnormal accumulation of fluid
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| bilateral peripheral edema | mostly occurs in ankles and lower legs
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| cause of bilateral peripheral edema | right or left heart failure, *right failure often caused by cor pulmonale
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| euthermia | fever, chills, night sweats 97-99.5 F
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| hyperthermia, pyrexia | fever; sustained, remittent, relapsing
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| causes of fever | hot environment, dehydration, drugs, infection
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| lung disease, high altitude headache causes | headache as a manifestation of cerebral hypoxia and hypercapnia
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| most common cause of snoring | obesity
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| clinical presentation of snoring | fatigue, daytime sleepiness
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux
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| GERD | heartburn and regurgitation
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| risk factors of GERD | OBESITY, cigarette smoking, pregnancy
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