9th Grade Biology - Unit 1 - Vocabulary
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| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei
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| prokaryote | a single celled organism lacking a nucleus
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| lytic infection | process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst
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| lysogenic infection | process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
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| lytic cycle (5 steps) | bacteriophage injects its DNA into the live cell, DNA forms a circle, nucleic acid and proteins assemble into bacteriophage particles, and particles go through the cell wall and infect other cells.
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| lysogenic cycle (5 steps) | virus injects into a live cell, bacteriophage DNA may replicate for years, something triggers the virus, the nucleic acid particles and proteins assemble into bacteriophage, and virus breaks out of the cell and infects others
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| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria
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| independent variable | factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes; also known as a responding variable
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| dependent variable | factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change because of the manipulated variable; also known as a responding variable
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| capsid | virus's protein coat
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| virus | particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids. Reproduce only by infecting living cells. Differ widely in size & structure.
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| prophage | the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA
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| retrovirus | virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
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| cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
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| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
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| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
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| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
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| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus
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| nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
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| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
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| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins
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| ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
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| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
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| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
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| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
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| vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
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| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
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| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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