Endocrine
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| Endocrine System | The endocrine (ductless) glands/organs of the body.
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| Hypothalamus | Region of the brain containing centers involved with the subconscious regulation of visceral functions, emotions, drives, and the coordination of neural and endocrine functions.
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| Negative Feedback System | A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.
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| Positive Feedback System | A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an initial stimulus.
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| Anterior Lobe - Pituitary Gland | Adenohypophysis
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| Hypophyseal Portal System | The network of vessels that carries blood from capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in the adenohypophysis (anterior lobe of the pituitary gland).
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| Releasing Hormone | Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones at the adenophypophysis.
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| Inhibiting Hormone | Prevents the synthesis and secretion of hormones from adenohypophysis.
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| ACTH - Adrenicorticotropic Hormone | Ant. Pituitary Gland: stimulates release of steroid hormones by suprenal cortex, stimulates the production and secretion of glucocorticoids
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| TSH - Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone | Ant. Pituitary Gland: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone - targets thyroid gland and release of thyroid hormones.
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| Growth Hormone - GH | Ant. Pituitary Gland: An adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)hormone that stimulates tissue growth and anabolism when nutrients are abundant and restricts tissue glucose dependence when nutrients are in short supply.
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| Neurophypophysis | Posterior Lobe - Pituitary Gland
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| Glucocorticoids | Suprarenal (adrenal) cortex to modify glucose metabolism; cortisol and corticosterone are important examples.
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| Aldosterone | Raises blood sugar, antinflammatory response. A mineralocorticoid produced by the suprarenal (adrenal) cortex. Draws more water into kidney's and reabsorption of sodium
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| Glucagon | A hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets; elevates blood glucose concentrations.
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| Insulin | A hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; causes a reduction in plasma glucose concentrations.
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| ADH - Antidiuretic Hormone | A hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted at the neurohypophysis (posterior lobe of the pituitary gland); causes water retention at the kidneys and an elevation of blood pressure.
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| Erythropoietin | A hormone released by tissues, especially the kidneys, exposed to low oxygen concentrations; stimulates erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation) in bone marrow.
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| Renin | The enzyme released by cells of the juxtaglomerular complex when renal blood flow declines; converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
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| angiotensin I | The hormone produced by the activation of angiotensinogen by renin; angiotensin-converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II in lung capillaries.
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| angiotensin II | hormone that causes an elevation in systemic blood pressure, stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, promotes thirst, and causes the release of antidiuretic hormone; angiotensin-converting enzyme in lung capillaries converts angiotensin I into angiotensi
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