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Digestive System Tumors

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Term
Definition
Most common and important etiologic factors for SCC of esophagus in Western countries   Excessive alcohol and tobacco use (W/L pg. 781)  
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Barrett’s esophagus   Distal esophagus is lined with columnar epithelium instead of stratified squamous epithelium; risk factor for adenocarcinoma of esophagus (W/L pg. 782)  
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Achalasia   Disorder in which lower two thirds of esophagus loses its normal peristaltic activity, esophagus becomes dilated, and esophogastric junction sphincter fails to relax; risk factor for developing SCC of esophagus (W/L pg. 782)  
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Plummer Vinson Syndrome   Iron deficient anemia characterized by esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis, and spoon-shaped, brittle fingers; risk factor for developing SCC of esophagus (W/L pg. 782)  
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Location of SCC in esophagus   Proximal and midesophagus (Mosbys pg. 153)  
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Location of adenocarcinoma in esophagus   Distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (Mosbys pg. 153)  
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Local spread pattern of esophageal cancer   Trachea, mediastinum, lung, pleura, aorta, heart (Mosbys pg. 153)  
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Distant spread pattern of esophageal cancer   Liver, lung, bone (Mosbys pg. 153)  
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Lymph node drainage pattern of esophageal cancer   Cervical, supraclavicular, paraesophageal, celiac axis, perigastric nodes (Mosbys pg. 153)  
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Treatment of choice for esophageal cancer   Surgery; esophageal tumors of the upper 1/3 not surgically removed since there’s no proximal end to reconnect (Mosbys pg. 154)  
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Most common histology of stomach cancer   Adenocarcinoma (Mosbys pg. 154)  
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Treatment of choice for gastric cancer   Surgery (Mosbys pg. 154)  
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Gardner’s syndrome   Adenomatous polyposis of large bowel and other abnormal growths (W/L pg. 765)  
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Treatment for colon cancer located above sigmoid   Surgery and multiagent chemotherapy (Mosbys pg. 157)  
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Most common location of pancreatic cancers   Head of pancreas (V/D pg. 122)  
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Treatment of choice for localized pancreatic cancer   Surgery; only 10-25% of patients are candidates for surgery (V/D pg. 124)  
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Treatment port for tumor in head of pancreas   Superior- T11/T12; inferior- L3; lateral- 2 to 3 cm margin around tumor; exclude ¾ of left kidney (V/D pg. 126)  
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Most common histology of anal cancers   Squamous cell carcinoma (Mosbys pg. 158)  
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Associations with anal cancers   AIDS, HPV, homosexuality in men (Mosbys pg. 158)  
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Most common site of metastatic spread for rectal cancer   Liver (Mosbys pg. 135)  
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Hematochezia   Rectal bleeding (W/L pg. 768)  
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Tenesmus   Spasm of rectum accompanied by desire to empty bowel (W/L pg. 769)  
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Two most common treatment procedures for rectal cancer   Low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection (W/L pg. 771)  
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Sphincter-preserving procedure done for curative intent in patients with low to middle third rectal cancers that are confined to bowel wall   Endocavitary radiation therapy (W/L pg. 771)  
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Direction of extension with colorectal cancer   Radial extension (W/L pg. 770)  
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