Rivers key terms v2
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| show | Sub-dividing of a river channel, a characteristic of a river with variable discharge.
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| show | Measurement of the smoothness of the wetted perimeter and the extent to which rocks protrude into the flow of a river. A smooth profile will result in little turbulence and a high velocity.
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| Corrosion | show 🗑
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| show | And area of deposition (usually mud and sand) at the mouth of a river. Two common types of delta are arcuate (eg. Nile) and bird's foot (eg. Mississippi).
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| show | The volume of water passing a given point in a given period of time,usually expressed in cumecs (cubic metres per second) and calculated as: cross sectional area x velocity.
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| Drainage basin | show 🗑
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| Flooding | show 🗑
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| Floodplains | show 🗑
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| Gorge | show 🗑
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| Graded profile | show 🗑
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| show | Commonly, built structures such as concrete walls designed to resist natural processes.
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| show | graph showing the relationship between the velocity of a river and the critical velocity needed to pick up (erode) or deposit an individual particle. The graph comprises two curves, showing the critical erosion velocity+the critical deposition velocity.
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| show | River erosion involving the sheer force of flowing water.
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| show | Measure of channel efficiency calculated as cross-sectional area / wetted perimeter. The higher the value, the greater the efficiency (less energy lost by friction with bed and banks) of the channel.
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| Incised meander | show 🗑
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| Kinetic energy | show 🗑
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| show | Point in the river's long profile, often marked by a waterfall, that represents the extent to which a river has re-graded its profile following rejuvenation. Over time a knick point will gradually migrate upstream due to waterfall retreat.
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| Levees | show 🗑
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| show | Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of events such as floods, which are often characterised by 'high magnitude, low frequency' events (negative association).
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| Meander | show 🗑
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| Potential energy | show 🗑
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| show | circular hollow or depression formed by erosion in bedrock on a river bed.
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| show | Series of relatively small 'steps' in the long profile of a river forming a stretch of turbulent white water.
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| Rejuvenation | show 🗑
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| show | restoring a river channel to its natural course following earlier intervention, eg. channel straightening. River restoration usually involves soft engineering and aims to improve natural habitats and the amenity value of the river.
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| show | Abandoned floodplain left perched above the current floodplain following a renewed period of eroding (rejuvenation).
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| show | the deposit of salts on or close to the ground surface commonly associated with high rates of evaporation in arid environments.
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| show | management approaches that have minimal impacts on the environment and aim tow work with natural processes (e.g. planting trees in a river basin to reduce the risk of flooding)
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| show | Dissolving of chemicals as water flows over soluble rocks.
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| show | Line graph showing the discharge of a river over a period of time as it responds to an individual storm event.
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| show | speed of flow of a river. The line of fastest flow in a river is called the thalweg.
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| show | Audit of water based on the equation: precipitation = runoff + evapotranspiration +/- soil moisture.
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| Waterfall | show 🗑
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| Wetted perimeter | show 🗑
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