Lpn fall 2008
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| show | an unpleasant sensation usually associated w/ disease or injury.
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| Transduction1 | show 🗑
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| Transduction2 | show 🗑
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| show | type of sensory nerve receptors activated by noxious stimuli located in skin, bones, joints, muscles, & internal organs.
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| Transmission1 | show 🗑
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| Transmission2 | show 🗑
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| show | result is the person withdraws from the pain-provoking stimulus. Following fast transmission, impulses from small unmyelinated fibers (C-fibers) carry impulses @ a slower rate 0.5-2 meters per sec.
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| C-fibers | show 🗑
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| show | large myelinated fibers that carry impulses rapidly @ a rate of approx 5 to 30 meters/per sec.
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| Perception | show 🗑
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| show | point @ which sufficient pain-transmitting stimuli reach the brain. Pain thresholds tend to be same among healthy people but each person tolerates or bears the sensation of pain differently.
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| show | amount of pain a person endures, influenced by genetics learned behavior specific to gender age, & culture.
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| Modulation1 | show 🗑
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| Modulation2 | show 🗑
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| show | naturally produced morphine-like chemicals.
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| Cutaneous pain1 | show 🗑
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| show | damage confined to epidermis produces a burning sensation. @ dermis level, pain is localized & superficial. Subcutaneous tissue injures produce an aching, throbbing pain.
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| Somatic pain | show 🗑
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| Visceral pain(poorly localized)1 | show 🗑
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| show | discomfort perceived in a general area of the body, usually away from site of stimulation.
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| show | other autonomic nervous system symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pallor, hypotension, & sweating accompany visceral pain.
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| Neuropathic pain | show 🗑
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| Example of Neuropathic pain | show 🗑
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| Acute pain1 | show 🗑
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| show | both acute & chronic pain result in physical & emotional distress & can be intermittent incorporating periods of relief.
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| show | discomfort that lasts longer than 6 mths are almost totally opposite from those of acute pain.
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| show | recent onset, symptomatic of primary injury or disease, specific & localized, severity associated w/ acuity of injury or disease process.
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| Acute pain3 | show 🗑
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| Chronic pain2 | show 🗑
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| show | Poor response to drug therapy, requires more & more drug therapy, persists beyond healing stage, suffering is intensified, absence of autonomic nervous system responses; manifests depression & irritability.
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| 5th vital sign | show 🗑
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| show | pain-relieving drug.
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| Pain assessment data | show 🗑
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| show | scale used to assess pain by showing pt faces & explaining how begins w/ happy face meaning no pain 0 to face that hurts as bad as u can imagine 5.
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| show | techniques for preventing, reducing or relieving pain.
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| Drug therapy | show 🗑
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| show | acute pain & cancer pain are recognized & effectively treated.
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| Standards2 | show 🗑
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| Standards3 | show 🗑
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| Standards4 | show 🗑
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| show | Adherence to standards is monitored by an interdisciplinary committee.
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| show | 3 nonopioid (pain persisting or increasing) +/- adjuvant, Opioid for mild to moderate pain +/- adjuvant +/- nonopioid, Opioid for moderate to severe pain +/- nonopioid, +/- adjuvant.
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| Nonopioids1 | show 🗑
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| Nonopioids | show 🗑
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| Opioids | show 🗑
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| Adjuvant | show 🗑
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| Controlled substances | show 🗑
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| show | Morphine sulfate, codeine sulfate, meperidine (Demerol), fentanyl (duragesic, sublimaze).
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| show | Intervention that allows pts to self administer narcotic pain medication through use of an infusion device. PCA is used primarily to relieve acute pain after surgery, but this technology is finding its way into the home health arena where non-hospitalized
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| show | larger dose of drug administered initially or when pain is exceptionally intense & additional lower doses @ frequent intervals depending on the pts level of discomfort depending on the pt’s level of discomfort.
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| show | an agent made from the bacterium clostridium botulinum, whish is found in soil & water. When injected into a muscle, the toxin blocks action of acetylcholine.
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| show | Blocking acetylcholine results in temporary paralysis of the injected muscle. When the muscles are paralyzed, spasms & nociceptive transduction are inhibited, resulting in pain relief.
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| Botulinum Toxin Therapy3 | show 🗑
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| A(BTX-A) | show 🗑
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| Intractable pain | show 🗑
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| show | surgical sectioning of a nerve root close to the spinal cord.
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| Cordotomy | show 🗑
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| Education | show 🗑
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| show | ask Dr. what to expect from ad disorder or its treatment, discuss pain-control methods that have worked well or not so well before, talk w/ Dr. & nurses bout any concerns u have bout pain meds, Identify any drug allergies u have.
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| Pain management nurse teaching2 | show 🗑
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| show | Set pain-control goal such as having no pain worse than 4 on scale of 0 to 10, inform Dr. & nurses if pain meds is not working, perform simple techniques such as abd breathing & jaw relaxation to increase comfort.
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| show | Consult w/Dr. & nurses bout using cold or hot packs or other nondrug techniques to enhance pain control.
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| Heat/cold | show 🗑
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| show | pain caused by injury best treated initially w/ cold applications (ice bay or chemical pack), believed cold relieve pain faster & sustain pain relief longer.
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| Heat | show 🗑
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| Menthol | show 🗑
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| Meditation | show 🗑
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| Distraction | show 🗑
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| Relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | A medically prescribed pain management technique that delivers bursts of electricity to skin & underlying nerves, an intervention implemented by nurses.
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| show | Pt perceives electrical stimulus, generated by a battery-powered stimulator, as a pleasant tapping, tingling, vibrating or buzzing sensation.
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| show | used intermittently for 15-30 mins or longer whenever pt feels and for it.
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| show | pain management technique in which long, thin needles are inserted into skin.
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| Acupressure | show 🗑
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| Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(PENS) | show 🗑
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| PENS2 | show 🗑
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| show | therapy done 3 times a wk for 30 mins for 3 wks. Successful on pts w/low back pain, pain caused by spread of cancer to bones, shingles (acute herpes zoster viral infection), & migraine headaches.
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| show | Assume a comfortable position, either sitting or lying down, close ur eyes & clear ur mind, let chair or bed effortlessly support ur body, become aware of how ur body feels.
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| Relaxation teaching2 | show 🗑
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| Relaxation teaching3 | show 🗑
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| show | pt learns to control or alter a physiologic phenomenon(e.g. pain, blood pressure, headache, heart rate & rhythm, seizures as an adjunct to traditional pain management.
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| show | a therapeutic technique in which a person enters a trancelike state resulting in an alteration in perception & memory.
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| Nursing diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | 1 leading factors interfering w/ adequate pain management is the fear of addiction. “a pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by a cont. craving for an opioid for effects other than pain relief.
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| Nursing note | show 🗑
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| Placebo | show 🗑
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| Malingerer | show 🗑
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