AI - Thought & Language
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| Piaget's theories are namely related to what type of development? | Cognitive
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| In Piagets Account, children make sense of the world through what? | schemes
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| In Piagets Account, what are the 4 phases of changing schemes? | 1. physical 2. functional 3. conceptual 4. abstract
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| When new experiences fit into existing schemes it is called what? | assimilation
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| when schemes have to be modified as a consequence of new experiences, it is called what? | accommodation
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| What is required to benefit from experience? | assimilation
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| what allows for dealing with completely new data or experience? | accommodation
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| What is the balance between assimilation and accomodation called? | equilibrium
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| Disequilibrium occurs when there is more what? | accommodation then assimilation
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| How many times does equilibration occur in ones development? | 3 times
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| What are the 4 stages of cognitive development and what are the typical ages for each? | 1. sensorimotor period (0-2yrs) 2. peroperational period (2-7yrs) 3. concrete operational period (7-11yrs) 4. formal operational period (11yr and up)
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| Within the Sensorimotor period, what are the 4 phases that occur after and during 1 year of age? | 1. behaving intentionally (8-12mo) 2. object permanance (8-18mo) 3. experimenting (12-18mo) 4. using symbols (18-24mo)
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| The preoperational phase to Piaget's account includes these three key concepts. . . | 1. egocentrism 2. centration 3. appearance is reality
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| What experiment best demonstrates the concept of egocentrism in preoperational thinking? | the mountain experiments
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| What experiemtn best demonstrates the concept of centration in preoperational thinking? | the conservation experiemnts/problems
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| Lare gains are made in learning when students are allowed to discover what? | their own errors and inconsistencies
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| What are 3 alternate explanations(downfalls) for performance during the preoperational phase in Piaget's theory | 1. language development 2. poor memory 3. locomotor skills
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| Is Piaget's theory consistent in performance? | no
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| What is the study theat investigates the age at which children learn there is conflict between current understanding and the true nature of objects | naive physics - Piaget
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| When 4 year olds know that living things move, grow, and heal themselves, Piaget would call this. . . | naive biology
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| At what age can children differentiate between animate and inanimate objects? | 12-15mo
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| Information Processing theory involves that two things? | mental hardware and mental software
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| When sensory information receives additional cognitive processing it is called . . . | attention
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| emotional and physical reactions to unfamiliar stimulus causes what? | orienting response
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| Habituation is the what of the reaction to a new stimulus? | lessening of the reaction
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| Are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imitation aspects of the information processing theory? | yes
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| what style of learning says that our behaviors are affected by their consequences? | operant conditioning
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| What type of memory do preschoolers develop? | autobiographical memory
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| at what age can children remember past events, forget them, but remember them again with cues? | 2-3mo
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| knowing that numbers differ in size and being able to tell which is greater | ordinality
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| This is when there is a name for each object counted | one to one principle
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| This is when numbered names must be counted in the same order | stable order principle
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| this is when the last number in a counting sequence denotes the number of objects | cardinality principle
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| Lev Vygotsky was intrested in cognitive development and what. . . | culture
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| Scaffolding involves giving . . . | just enough assistance
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| this is the difference between what children can do with and without help from a more experience guide | zone of proximal development
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| Vygotsky's theory of private speech states that private speech will become what? | internalized(inner speech) and then THOUGHT
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| the buliding blocks of speech | phonemes
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| at 1 month babies can what sounds? | distinguish between them
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| infant directed speech is aka | motherese
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| this form of using only vowels that develops at the age of 2 mo is what? | cooing
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| bababababab is an example of what that occurs around 6 mo | babbling
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| At 8 - 11 months, children incorporate what, which is changes in pitch typical of their language? | intonation
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| by 2 years of age, how many words does an infant know? | a few hundred
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| by age 6, how many words does the child know? | 10,000 words
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| this style of speaking refers to naming objects, persons, or actions | referential style
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| this style of speaking refers to statements that resemble single words | expressive style
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| when parents pay attention to what children are attracted to and provide guidance is what? | joint attention
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| defining words too narrow | underextension
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| defining words too broadly | overextension
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| Vocabulary ranges from how many words to 250 at age of 18 mo | 25-250 words
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| two and three word sentences is called what? | telegraphic speech (18 mo)
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| leaving out of words and ending that make a sentence correct is called. . . | grammatical morphemes
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| the application of rules to words that are exceptions to the rules is called. . . | overregularization
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| how many new words can be learned each week? | 10 words
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