RES 222- Adult pathophysio
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| show | FALSE
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| Which of the following are clinical manisfestations that may be associated with TB | show 🗑
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| Clinical findings associated with lung abscess are | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| In the wet drowning victim a normal chest radiograph in the first 24 hours rules out the possiblity of alveolar-capiliary deterioration | show 🗑
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| show | 10mm or greater
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| show | constrict, parasympathetic-mediated
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| show | FALSE
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| show | Blood clot
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| Pulmonary edema is considered an obstructive pulmonary disorder | show 🗑
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| show | frothy pink secretions throughout the tracheobroncial tree, alveolar atelectasis and intersitial edema
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| Because no carbon dioxide or oxygen exchange occurs beyond a pulmonary embolus, dead space and wasted ventilation increases | show 🗑
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| _______________ refers to infection from bacilli that escape from a tubercle and move to sites other than the lungs | show 🗑
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| Major pathologic and structual changes occuring with wet drowning include | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | false
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| show | it increases
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| which of the following may be pathologic or structual changes to the lungs associated with pulmonary embolism | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| show | Increased density in infracted areas on radiograph, increased pulmonary artery pressure, decreased DO2
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| show | TRUE
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| Echinocandins is a relatively new class of antifungal agnets used to treat fungal infections from Aspergillus and Candida, True or False? | show 🗑
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| show | The patient is not breathing spontaneously or The patient is breathing spontaneously with a PaO2 <60 mmHg on an FIO2 0.40
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| show | Histoplasmosis
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| Apena associated with near wet drowning is directly related to the length of time the victim is submerged (i.e. the longer the submersion the more likely the victim is w/o spontaneous respirations) | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary angiography is an extremly accurate test for determining the presence of pulmonary embolism? true or false | show 🗑
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| show | pleural friction rub, dull percussion note, bronchial breath sounds, dimished breath sounds
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| show | Mantoux test
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| show | TRUE
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| show | Isoniazid and Rifampid
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| show | TRUE
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| show | FALSE
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| show | Lung Abscess
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| During treatment the victim's body temperature may be increased using which of the following | show 🗑
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| During wet drowning cardiogenic pulmonary edema results from fluid in the pulmonary capillaries moving into the perivascular spaces | show 🗑
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| Vancomycin is commonly used to treat methcillin-resistant strains of S Aureus | show 🗑
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| What is considered tthe most common cause of pulmonary edema? | show 🗑
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| Risk factors associated with causing pulmonary embolism realted to venous stasis include | show 🗑
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| show | Cryptococcus and Aspergillius
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| Which of the following are considered common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is considered a thrombolytic agent used in treating pulmonary embolism | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased pH and increased PaCO2 in severe edema, Decreased cardio outout, Increased shunting
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| At onset, those portions of the lungs affected by pulmonary embolism will have a _______ | show 🗑
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| Medications and procedures used to help manage pulmonary edema include | show 🗑
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| show | Atelectasis, cavity formation, tissue necrosis, fibrosis and calcification of the lung parenchyma
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| show | Cavity formation, alveolar consolidation, Bronchopleural fistula, Atelectasis, excessive airway secretions
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| Which of the following should be done when treating a near drowning victim during transport? | show 🗑
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| show | Tachypnea, Decreased lung compliance, An increase in intra-pulmonary shunting
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| show | 10-15 mm Hg
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| Which of the following factors favor a positive prognosis in cold-water near drowning?? | show 🗑
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| The different types of drowing include: | show 🗑
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| After being inhaled, fungal spores may reach the lungs where ________ and ________ engulf them. | show 🗑
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| Coccidioidmycosis is also known as | show 🗑
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| show | IV Amphotercin B
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| Predisposing factors that frequently lead to the aspiration of gastrointestinal fluids (and anaerobes) are usually related to which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | plasma moving across the alveolar capillary membrane into the alveolar spaces, increased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure, red blood cells moving across the alveolar capillary membrane
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| Which of the following may be implicated in causing ILD? | show 🗑
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| Is pneumonthorax considered an obstructive disorder? | show 🗑
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| Kyphosis is a | show 🗑
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| The main goal of managing interstitial lung disease is directed at controlling the inflammation associated with the various disorders | show 🗑
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| show | Pneumothorax
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| In the most severe cases a chest tube is commonly used to treat a pneumothorax. since air rises the tube is normally placed posteriorly near the base of the lung | show 🗑
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| show | originates from the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium
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| show | TRUE
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| show | TRUE
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| Which of the following are considered major pathological or structural changes associated with pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| NONE of the following are clinical manifestations below that are normally assoicated with kyposcoliosis | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia and cor pulmonale are both late findings associated with kyphoscoliosis | show 🗑
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| During the chronic stages of ILD the inflammatory state is charcterized by edema and the infiltration of a variety of RBCs in the alveolar walls | show 🗑
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| NONE of the of the following are considered clinical findings associated with pneumothorax | show 🗑
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| Which of the following can be used in managing/ treating pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| show | Pulmonary fibrosis and Pneumoconiosis
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| show | FALSE
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| show | TRUE
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| show | Cavity formation, Honeycombing, and Bronchospasm
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| Identify the clinical manifestations that may be assciated with pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| A pnumothorax that is the result of a specific diagnostic or therapeutic procedure is referred to as a traumatic pneumothorax | show 🗑
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| Fail chest is considered a obstructive pulmonary disorder | show 🗑
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| Trauma to the neck commonly causes which of the following | show 🗑
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| Systemic lupus erythematosus presents as a multisystem disorder mainly involving the skin and joints. However, the lungs are involved in about _______ of the cases | show 🗑
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| Surgery is normally the best option for those patients who have NSCLC in both lungs up to an including stage IV disease | show 🗑
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| Thoracentesis may be useful both therapeutically and diagnostically in the management of pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| show | Scleroderma
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| show | Motor vehicle accident, Industrial accident, Direct compression by a heavy object
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| What value is used as a benchmark for not being able to view a pleural effusion on an upright chest x-ray? | show 🗑
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| show | Capillary shunting,Alveolar thickening, fibrosis
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| What type of radiographic technique should be used when a pleural effusion is difficult to determine because of the obliteration to one or both diaphragms by atelectasis and or pulmonary infiltrates | show 🗑
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| show | It can be both a restrictive and an obstructive disorder
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| show | Excessive bronchial secertions and Atelectasis
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| Which of the following seem to be possible causes of Kyposcoliosis | show 🗑
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| show | A Flail chest
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| The presence of blood in the pleural space is best known as _________ and can be confirmed by checking___________ | show 🗑
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| The most common cause of plerual effusion is | show 🗑
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| show | When it is larger than 20%
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| Microscopic examiniation of the thickened septa in asbestosis reveals | show 🗑
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| What type of breath sounds are produced by a pneumothorax | show 🗑
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| An increased respiratory rate seen in patient's with kyposcoliosis may be the result of which pathophysiologic mechanisms? | show 🗑
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| show | tension/ closed pneumothorax
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| In order to evacuate air from the pleural cavity and re-expand a lung affected by a pneumothorax, the suction should | show 🗑
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| Major causes of a transudative pleural effusion include | show 🗑
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| Which type of lung cancer is most associated with cigarette smoking and carries with it the worst prognosis | show 🗑
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| show | Supportive care, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy
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| Which of the following is/are non-small-cell lung cancers | show 🗑
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| show | Rhonchi, Dull percussion note, Bronchial breath sounds
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| A spontaneous pneumothorax is secondary to which of the following disorders | show 🗑
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| show | O2 therapy, Aersolized medication protocol, Bronchopulmonary hygiene, Lung expansion therapy
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| show | Lobectomy, pneumonectomy, wedge resection
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| show | is an undifferntiated form of lung cancer
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| Fill in the blanks: In severe cases of pneumonthorax the great veins can become _______ and cause ________ return to the heart to the heart to__________. | show 🗑
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| show | Airway obstruction from blood, mucus accumulation or a tumor projecting into a bronchus, Atelectasis, Pleural effusion, and cavity formation
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| Which of the following may be considered small-cell lung cancers | show 🗑
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| Major pathological or structural changes of the lungs associated with Kyphoscoliosis include | show 🗑
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| Select the statements below that describe the TNM classification system | show 🗑
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| Select the clinical manifestations that can be associated with ILD: | show 🗑
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| show | Routine bronchial hygiene, Oxygen therapy protocol, Medication for pain management, volume controlled ventilation with PEEP to stalize the flail
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| Which of the following normally help to determine the prognosis for a victim of a fire | show 🗑
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| the cause of Myasthenia Gravis appears to be related to circulating antibodies that disrupt the transmission of acetylcholine | show 🗑
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| What is the therapeutic goal of low tidal volume ventilation in ARDS | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| Direct thermal injuries normally do not occur below the level of the larynx execpt in the rare instance of steam inhalation | show 🗑
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| The half-life of CO in the patient breathing room air at 1 atm is approximately | show 🗑
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| Obstructive sleep apnea appears to be the most severe in what sleep position | show 🗑
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| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is always used for the elimination of CO in the smoke inhalation victim | show 🗑
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| show | COP, BOOP
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| show | TRUE
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| Which of the following medications are useful in the treatment of blood pressure and cardiac disturbances for the patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| The diagnosis of sleep apnea is made based on patients who have more than five episodes of apnea per hour. These episodes occur only in non-REM sleep over a 3 hour period | show 🗑
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| show | Drug overdose, shock, Infections, Oxygen toxicity, Aspiration
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| show | reflex laryngospasm, glottic closure
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| The diagnosis of sleep apnea may be confirmed by confirmed by polysomnographic sleep studies | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| show | IgG
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| show | Shortness of breath following abrupt awakenings, Nocturnal enuresis, Morning headache, Snoring loudly
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| show | TRUE
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| Serum levels of IgM antibodies against myelin glycolipid have been found to be ________ in the patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| show | TRUE
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| show | Obstructive sleep apnea, Mixed sleep apnea I, Central sleep apnea
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| show | Increased opacity and Ground glass appearance
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| CO poisoning can greatly reduce oxygen transport because its affinity for hemoglobin is 400 times greater than that of oxygen | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| Select the appropriate treatment for the patient who has recently inhaled hot gases and exhibits signs of impending UAO | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| Select from the list below the major structual or pathologic lungs changes that may be associated with ventilatory failure accompanying myasthenia gravis | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE
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| show | TRUE
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| Which of the following are considered beneficial in managing the patient with Guillian- Barre syndrome | show 🗑
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| What techniques may be useful in the diagnosing of myasthenia gravis | show 🗑
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| Coricosteriod therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Guillain-Barre ayndrome and shorten | show 🗑
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| What chronic neurologicval disorder is characterized by the interference of acetylcholine between the axonal terminal and the receptor sites of voluntray muscle | show 🗑
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| Which of the following describes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | show 🗑
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| show | is usually normal during the early stage
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| show | Alveolar consolidation, Atelectasis, Intra-alveolar hyaline membrane formation
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| Which of the following describes the strategy of reducing the tidal volume thereby allowing the patient's PaCO2 to increase in order to protect the lungs from high airway pressures | show 🗑
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| Apnea is defined as the cessation of breathing for | show 🗑
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| a burn identified as full thickness of the skin including tissue beneath the skin describes a | show 🗑
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| Pathologic changes in the distal airways and alveoli mainly caused by irritating and toxic gases are commonly associated with | show 🗑
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| show | CSA
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| show | Negative pressure generated by the diaphragm produces paradoxical motion of the rib cage, Loss of muscle tone in the upper airway can result in airway obstruction, the heart rate can become irregular
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| Treatment modalities for managing sleep apnea may include | show 🗑
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| The mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree very often becomes necrotic and sloughs ________ post inhalation of smoke | show 🗑
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| Select the clinical finding below that may be associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome | show 🗑
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| Correct sequence of events resulting in the manifestation of ARDS | show 🗑
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| show | Non-REM sleep consists of 4 separate stages of sleep, Non-REM sleep usually lasts 60 to 90 minutes, It is possible for an individual to move directly into REM sleep from any of the 3 stages of Non-REM sleep
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| A burn identified as superficial to deep thickness describes | show 🗑
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| Which of the following may anti-cholinesterase agents may be used to help treat myasthenia gravis | show 🗑
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| During periods of sleep apnea the heart rate ______ then _______ after termination of the apne | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased tidal volume, Increased pulmonary shunting, Decreased DO2
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| The onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome usually occurs ____________ | show 🗑
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| The initial care of the burn patient should include assessment of the following | show 🗑
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| show | Lymphocytes and Macrophages
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| show | initial tidal volumes of 5 to 7 ml/kg, Ventilatory rates as high as 35bpm in order to maintain adequate minute ventilation, low tidal volumes and high respiratory rates, PEEP and CPAP to reduce atelectasis
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