NCLEX Review - Pediatrics
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Sensorimotor: Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the world; development of object permanence.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months): Development of a sense that the self is good and the world is good when consistent, predictable, reliable care is received; characterized by hope.
🗑
|
||||
| Piaget's Period fo Toddlers & Preschoolers | show 🗑
|
||||
| Erikson's Stage for Toddlers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 yr): Development of a can-do attitude about the self; behavior becomes goal-directed, competitive, and imaginative; initiation into gender role; characterized by purpose.
🗑
|
||||
| Piaget's Period for School Age | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yr): Mastering of useful skills and tools of the culture; learning how to play and work with peers; characterized by competence.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Formal Operations: New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and futuristic thinking; understands logical consequences of behavior.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Identitity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 yr): Begins to develop a sense of “I”; this process is lifelong; peers become of paramount importance; child gains independence from parents; characterized by faith in self.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40 yr): Development of the ability to lose the self in genuine mutuality with another; characterized by love.
🗑
|
||||
| Erikson's Stage for Middle Adulthood | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ego Integrity vs. Despair (> 65 yr): Realization that there is order and purpose to life; characterized by wisdom.
🗑
|
||||
| When does birth length double? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 8 months.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 years.
🗑
|
||||
| When does a child throw a ball overhand? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When does a child speak two- to three-word sentences? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 4 years.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 5 years.
🗑
|
||||
| show | a girl’s growth spurt during adolescence begins earlier than a boy’s (as early as 10 years of age).
🗑
|
||||
| Tanner Stage 1 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tanner Stage 2 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Boys: Enlargement of penis (length at first); further growth of testes; Girls: Further enlargement of breast and areola; no separation of their contour; Both: Darker, coarser and more curled hair, spreading sparsely over junction of pubes
🗑
|
||||
| Tanner Stage 4 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Boys: Adult genitalia; Girls: Mature stage: projection of papilla only, related to recession of areola; Both: Pubic hair adult in type and quantity, with horizontal distribution ("feminine")
🗑
|
||||
| show | After 6 months, their cognitive development allows them to remember pain.
🗑
|
||||
| Concept of bodily injury in Toddlers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | They fear body mutilation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | They fear loss of control of their bodies.
🗑
|
||||
| Concept of bodily injury in Adolescents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | History of reactions, seizures, neurologic symptoms after previous vaccine, or systematic allergic reactions
🗑
|
||||
| Contraindication for MMR vaccine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lesions that begin on the trunk and spread to the face and proximal extremities and progress through macular, papular, vesicular, and pustular stages
🗑
|
||||
| Rubella (German measles) symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | German measles
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fever, headache, malaise, parotid gland swelling and tenderness; manifestations include submaxillary and sublingual infection, orchitis, and meningoencephalitis
🗑
|
||||
| Pediculosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Immunocompromised child or a child in a household with an immunocompromised individual
🗑
|
||||
| show | Photophobia, confluent rash that begins on the face and spreads downward, and Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anemia; pale conjunctiva; pale skin color; atrophy of papillae on tongue; brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped nails; and thyroid edema
🗑
|
||||
| show | Liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach, peaches, and apricots
🗑
|
||||
| What disease occurs with vitamin C deficiency? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Weight, skin-fold thickness, and arm circumference
🗑
|
||||
| show | Poor skin turgor, absence of tears, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, depressed fontanel, and decreased urinary output
🗑
|
||||
| show | Loss of bicarbonate/decreased serum pH, loss of sodium (hyponatremia), loss of potassium (hypokalemia), elevated Hct, and elevated BUN
🗑
|
||||
| show | By using the Lund-Browder chart, which takes into account the changing proportions of the child’s body
🗑
|
||||
| How can the nurse best evaluate the adequacy of fluid replacement in children? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | By being taught to lock all cabinets, to safely store all toxic household items in locked cabinets, and to examine the house from the child’s point of view
🗑
|
||||
| What interventions should the nurse perform first in caring for a child who has ingested a poison? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, headache, lethargy, hyperactivity, aggression, impulsiveness, decreased interest in play, irritability, short attention span
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 30-60
🗑
|
||||
| Normal respirations in 1-11 month old infants | show 🗑
|
||||
| Normal respirations in 1-3 year olds (toddler) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Normal respirations in 3-5 year olds (preschooler) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Normal respirations in 6-10 year olds (school age) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 16-20
🗑
|
||||
| show | Do not examine the throat of a child with epiglottitis (i.e., do not put a tongue blade or any object into the throat) because of the risk of obstructing the airway completely.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the purpose of bronchodilators. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Expiratory wheezing, rales, tight cough, and signs of altered blood gases
🗑
|
||||
| What nutritional support should be provided for a child with cystic fibrosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Because the disease is autosomal recessive in its genetic pattern
🗑
|
||||
| List seven signs of respiratory distress in a pediatric client. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe the care of a child in a mist tent. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Upright sitting, with chin out and tongue protruding (“tripod position”)
🗑
|
||||
| show | The child is at risk for dehydration and acid-base imbalance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hearing loss
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hemorrhage; frequent swallowing, vomiting fresh blood, and clearing throat
🗑
|
||||
| Normal pulse in newborns | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 100-150
🗑
|
||||
| show | 80-130
🗑
|
||||
| show | 80-120
🗑
|
||||
| show | 70-110
🗑
|
||||
| show | 60-90
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acyanotic: Has abnormal circulation; however, all blood entering the systemic circulation is oxygenated. Cyanotic: Has abnormal circulation with unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | to reduce the workload of the heart and increase cardiac output
🗑
|
||||
| show | hold if bradycardic; therapeutic levels should be 0.8-2; admin regularly and do NOT skip doses; do not mix with formula/food; monitor for s/s of toxicity (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, and drowsiness)
🗑
|
||||
| show | A right-to-left shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation, causing cyanosis. A left-to-right shunt moves oxygenated blood back through the pulmonary circulation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Poor feeding, poor weight gain, respiratory distress and infections, edema, and cyanosis
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two objectives in treating congestive heart failure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Give small, frequent feedings or gavage feedings. Plan frequent rest periods. Maintain a neutral thermal environment. Organize activities to disturb child only as indicated.
🗑
|
||||
| What position would best relieve the child experiencing a tet spell? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are common signs of digoxin toxicity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Arrhythmia, bleeding, perforation, phlebitis, and obstruction of the arterial entry site
🗑
|
||||
| What cardiac complications are associated with rheumatic fever? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What medications are used to treat rheumatic fever? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Signs of ICP vs. shock | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common presenting symptom of brain tumors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Feed infant or child with cerebral palsy using nursing interventions aimed at preventing aspiration. Position child upright, and support the lower jaw.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the physical features of a child with Down syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe scissoring. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Prevention of infection of the sac and monitoring for hydrocephalus (measure head circumference, check fontanel, assess neurologic functioning)
🗑
|
||||
| List the signs and symptoms of increased ICP in older children. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What teaching should parents of a newly shunted child receive? | show 🗑
|
||||
| State the three main goals in providing nursing care for a child experiencing a seizure. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gingival hyperplasia, dermatitis, ataxia, GI distress
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fever, irritability, vomiting, neck stiffness, opisthotonos, positive Kernig sign, positive Brudzinski sign; infant may not show all classic signs even though very ill
🗑
|
||||
| What antibiotics are usually prescribed for bacterial meningitis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flat or on either side
🗑
|
||||
| show | Osmotic diuretics remove water from the CNS to reduce cerebral edema.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Suctioning and positioning, turning
🗑
|
||||
| show | Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Gowers sign? | show 🗑
|
||||
| First sign of renal failure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | AGN: gross hematuria, recent strep infection, hypertension, and mild edema; nephrosis: severe edema, massive proteinuria, frothy-appearing urine, anorexia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
🗑
|
||||
| Compare the dietary interventions for acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and nephrosis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypoproteinemia occurs because the glomeruli are permeable to serum proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Long-term prednisone should be given every other day. Signs of edema, mood changes, and GI distress should be noted and reported. The drug should be tapered, not discontinued suddenly.
🗑
|
||||
| What interventions can be taught to prevent urinary tract infections in children? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A malfunction of the valves at the end of the ureters, allowing urine to reflux out of the bladder into the ureters and possibly into the kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| What are the priorities for a client with a Wilms tumor? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Explain why hypospadias correction is performed before the child reaches preschool age. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe feeding techniques for a child with cleft lip or palate. | show 🗑
|
||||
| List the signs and symptoms of esophageal atresia with TEF. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maintain NPO immediately, and suction secretions.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the postoperative nursing care for an infant with pyloric stenosis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A barium enema reduces the telescoping of the intestine through hydrostatic pressure without surgical intervention.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the preoperative nursing care for a child with Hirschsprung disease. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What care is needed for a child with a temporary colostomy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the signs of anorectal malformation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the priorities for a child undergoing abdominal surgery? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Normal Hgb in Children | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Give oral iron on an empty stomach and with vitamin C. Use straws to avoid discoloring teeth. Tarry stools are normal. Increase dietary sources of iron.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Meat, green leafy vegetables, fish, liver, whole grains, legumes
🗑
|
||||
| show | It is an X-linked recessive chromosomal disorder transmitted by the mother and expressed in male children.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the sequence of events in a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Explain why hydration is a priority in treating sickle cell disease. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What should families and clients do to avoid triggering sickling episodes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nursing interventions and medical treatments for a child with leukemia are based on what three physiologic problems? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Newborn screening revealing a low T4 and a high TSH
🗑
|
||||
| show | arge, protruding tongue; coarse hair; lethargy; sleepiness; and constipation
🗑
|
||||
| What are the outcomes of untreated congenital hypothyroidism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the metabolic effects of PKU? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lofenalac and Phenex-1
🗑
|
||||
| List foods high in phenylalanine content. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the three classic signs of diabetes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypoglycemia: tremors, sweating, headache, hunger, nausea, lethargy, confusion, slurred speech, anxiety, tingling around mouth, nightmares. Hyperglycemia: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, weakness, weight loss, and syncope
🗑
|
||||
| show | Provide care for an unconscious child, administer regular insulin IV in normal saline, monitor blood gas values, and maintain strict I&O.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe developmental factors that would impact the school-age child with diabetes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the relationship between hypoglycemia and exercise? | show 🗑
|
||||
| List normal findings in a neurovascular assessment. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is compartment syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Abnormal neurovascular assessment: cold extremity, severe pain, inability to move the extremity, and poor capillary refill
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fractures of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) may affect the growth of the limb.
🗑
|
||||
| How is skeletal traction applied? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What discharge instructions should be included concerning a child with a spica cast? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the signs and symptoms of congenital dislocated hip in infants? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ask the child to bend forward from the hips, with arms hanging free. Examine the child for a curve in the spine, a rib hump, and hip asymmetry.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The child should be instructed to wear the brace 23 hours per day; wear a T-shirt under brace; check skin for irritation; perform back and abdominal exercises; and modify clothing. The child should be encouraged to maintain normal activities as able.
🗑
|
||||
| What care is indicated for a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
camellia
Popular Nursing sets