Patient Care Chapter 5
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| What are the bodies first line of natural defenses against disease(3 answers)? | 1.Intact skin 2.Mucous membranes 3.Chemicals (Lysozyme, acid, PH levels)
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| What are the bodies second line of natural defenses against disease (inflammatory response)(3 answers)? | 1.Increase in blood flow 2.Heat 3.White blood cells
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| What are the 2 types of immunity? | Aquired and Passive immunity
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| In which type of immunity is an antigen introduced into the body causing the body to produce an antibody? | Acquired immunity
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| What are the 6 steps in the cycle of infection? | 1.pathogenic organism 2.reservoir of infection 3.portal of exit 4.means of transmission 5.portal of entry 6.susceptible host
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| A)What are: 1.MRSA/ORSA 2.VRE 3.C-Diff? B)What is the key to preventing the spread of ALL three diseases? | A)1. MRSA/ORSA (Methicillin or Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial
2.VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus) bacterial
3.C-Diff (Pseudomembraneous colitis) intestinal bacteria with a resistance to Vancomycin.
B) Hand washing
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| What is HIV and is it lethal? | Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
It is NOT lethal (the infected individual dies from other opportunistic diseases)
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| Why are RNA viruses called Retroviruses? | They replicate in a "backward" manner converting from RNA to DNA once they invade a host cell.
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| In the early stages of infection there is a brief period of flulike symptoms; list the symptoms of HIV at the end of the asymptomatic phase. | 1.Night sweats 2.oral infections 3.weight loss 4.persistently enlarged lymph nodes 5.low-grade fever
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| T/F in its DORMANT stage HIV will attack the CD4 lymphocytes. | True
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| Which two forms of Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, or E) are carried in feces and transmitted through food and water? | A and E (Wash Your Hands People!!!!!)
(the rest are blood borne)
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| Is Tuberculosis Viral or Bacterial? | Bacterial
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| A)How is Tuberculosis transmitted? B)How do you test if someone has Tuberculosis? | A)Airborne
B)PPD skin test (purified protein derivative)
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| ____________ ____________are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of unrecognized sources of blood borne and other pathogens. | Standard Precautions
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| Standard precautions apply to these sources? | Blood, all body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat)even without visible blood, non-intact skin, mucous membranes
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| _________ _________are designed to reduce the risk of airborne, droplet, and contact transmission. | Transmission Precautions
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| This type of asepsis deals with REDUCING the number of transmittable infectious organisms through hand washing, changing linen, and washing our equipment. | Medical Asepsis
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| This type of asepsis is the complete destruction of all organisms and spores from equipment using disinfectant chemicals. | Surgical Asepsis
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| T/F a compromised patient (protective Isolation) has limited immunity and requires special precautions to avoid exposure to potential infection. | True
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| T/F it is ok to use hand rubs when there is visible soiling on your hands. | False
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| T/F needles should be recapped before being placed in the sharps container. | False (recapping greatly increases the possibility of sticking yourself with the infected needle) NEVER recap a dirty needle
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| In an infectious isolation who are you protecting? yourself or the patient | Yourself
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| What are the steps to "gown up" for isolation (in order)? | 1.Lead Apron 2.Cap 3.Mask 4.Gown 5.Tie 6.Gloves
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| What are the steps to "gown off" for isolation (in order)? | 1.Untie 2.Gloves 3.Wash hands 4.Mask 5.Gown 6.Cap 7.Rewash hands 8. Wipe down machine
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| What are the 5 types of sterilization? | 1. Chemical 2.Dry heat 3.conventional gas 4.Gas plasma technology (newest) 5.Autoclaving (quickest and most common)
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| In this type of sterilization Items are cleaned, wrapped, and placed in a unit where low-temp. hydrogen peroxide gas plasma diffuses through the wrapping and kills microorganisms and spores. | Gas Plasma Technology
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| Name some advantages of gas plasma technology. | *no toxic fumes *it can effectively sterilize endoscopes,fiberoptic devices, microsurgical instruments, and powered instruments.
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| T/F Gas plasma technology can sterilize instruments with long narrow lumina, powders, liquids, and cellulose materials (paper/cotton) | False
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| This type of sterilization uses steam under pressure. | Autoclaving
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| This type of sterilization is used for rubber, electrical, and plastic items. | Conventional Gas Sterilization
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| What type of sterilization is used for powders and greasy substances? | Dry Heat
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| Chemical sterilization can be used for? | Endoscopes
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