Film Processing &AEC
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| show | phototiming
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| Modern equipment uses ____________ rather than __________ when it comes to AEC. | show 🗑
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| Using the AEC eliminates the need for the radiographer to select: | show 🗑
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| show | kVp (to control contrast)
Detectors activated (to control density)
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| show | positioning
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| show | in front of the IR, but behind the grid
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| Plastic inserts for collimators are only accurate at: | show 🗑
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| show | receives and averages the signal from each chamber
terminates exposure once intensity is achieved
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| show | density controls
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| show | 25% increments
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| What should not be used to compensate for changes in part thickness when it comes to AEC? | show 🗑
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| As the thickness of the part increases, what is a guide to follow on how much to increase the kVp? | show 🗑
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| On exposure technique charts, what is specified? | show 🗑
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| With the AEC the mA and kVp are set. What does it adjust in order to get an adequate technique? | show 🗑
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| What does APR stand for? | show 🗑
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| show | poor positioning skills
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| When do subject density and contrast problems occur, and three examples? | show 🗑
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| What will collimation within an activated chamber result in? | show 🗑
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| What can inadequate collimation result in? | show 🗑
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| Name two timing problems: | show 🗑
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| Back-up time will terminate after ____% of the expected time. | show 🗑
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| Federal law requires automatic termination at: | show 🗑
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| Computerized technique charts that use AEC capabilities: | show 🗑
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| show | not advised for use by inexperienced radiographers
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| What is the purpose of film processing? | show 🗑
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| What are the four film processing steps? | show 🗑
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| When you develop a latent image, it becomes a ________ _________. | show 🗑
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| show | reducing agents
activator
restrainer
preservative
hardener
solvent
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| show | reducing agents
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| What charge does the sensitivity speck have before the reducing agents add free electrons to it? and after? | show 🗑
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| show | reduction/ oxidation
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| show | Phenidone: fast, horizontal curve, low contrast
Hydroquinone: slow, vertical curve, high contrast
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| How do the two reducing agents work together? | show 🗑
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| show | first deep amber, then BROWN, and finally rust red
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| What is the activator for the film developer? | show 🗑
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| show | to maintain an alkaline pH
swells gelatin making it easier to penetrate (helps reducing agents get to the silver halides)
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| show | It makes the developer solution very caustic, so rubber gloves and aprons should be worn and spills neutralized with fixer or diluted with water.
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| show | potassium bromide
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| show | provides a "distraction" to overactive reducers (SLOWS them down)
prevents the developer from acting on unexposed silver halide crystals
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| What is the job of the preservative in the developer? | show 🗑
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| show | sodium sulfite
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| show | careful tank design
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| show | Glutaraldehyde
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| What does the developer's hardener, Glutaraldehyde, do (3)? | show 🗑
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| show | gelatin can stick to rollers
can cause processor jams
can leave artifacts on film
can present moist, sticky films even after being dried
can show pi-lines on film (3.14 distance apart)
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| What happens when there's too much hardener (glutaraldehyde) in the developer (3)? | show 🗑
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| What size filter should be used for the solvent (water) in the developer? | show 🗑
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| What is the solvent used in film developer? | show 🗑
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| Why should the developer solvent (water) be treated in tropical areas? | show 🗑
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| show | 0.1%
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| show | gray, low contrast films
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| show | first, fixer tank should be filled
second, developer tank should be cleaned
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| What can be done to help avoid contamination of the developer? | show 🗑
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| show | The lid should be opened to prevent fixer condensation from dripping into the developer tank.
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| What is the goal of the fixing step of film processing? | show 🗑
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| What are the five parts of the fixing step of film processing? | show 🗑
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| show | ammonium thiosulfate (the active ingredient)
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| What is the job of the clearing agent (ammonium thiosulfate) in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| How will the film appear if not properly cleared by the clearing agent in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| What is the typical clearing time of the clearing agent in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| show | Acetic acid
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| What is the purpose of the activator (acetic acid) in the fixer (3)? | show 🗑
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| show | sodium sulfite
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| What is the purpose of the preservative (sodium sulfite) used in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| What is the hardener used in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| show | maintains film thickness (same as the hardener in the developer)
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| What is the solvent used in the fixer? | show 🗑
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| show | it becomes silver saturated (with silver ions), making the clearing time longer
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| show | Replenishment Systems
Silver Recovery Systems
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| show | to remove as much of the chemistry as possible (from the developer and fixer steps)
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| What should the temperature of the developer, fixer, washing, and dryer solutions be? | show 🗑
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| What will happen if the washing water is too cool? | show 🗑
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| If the fixer is not washed from the film, what will the result be? | show 🗑
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| What does proper washing of the film require? | show 🗑
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| What is the wash tank prone to, and what step should be taken because of it? | show 🗑
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| show | hardens the emulsion and seals the supercoat by forcing hot air over both sides of the film through slotted tubes (as film goes through through several squeegee crossover rollers to remove excess water)
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| After the processing, films should be stored at what temperature and humidity? | show 🗑
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| What three parts make up the transport system of the film processor? | show 🗑
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| What makes up the transport racks? | show 🗑
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| show | they can scratch the film
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| How do you feed the film into the processor? | show 🗑
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| show | a single motor
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| What determines the length of time for processing and what is an average processing time (the entire process)? | show 🗑
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| show | Volume replenishment
Flood replenishment
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| What must be added to fresh developer chemistry? | show 🗑
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| show | an adequate mixing of developer chemistry is necessary
this requires running the processor for 15-20 minutes prior to processing films
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| show | 4-5 ml of developer/inch of film
6-8 ml of fixer/inch of film
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| Name two entities that govern/regulate processor solution safety: | show 🗑
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| show | stabilizes temperature
agitates and mixes chemistry
filters solutions
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| What is the job of the Temperature Control System? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common darkroom safelight and some of its aspects (4)? | show 🗑
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| show | Kodak Wratten Series 6B
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| show | LED (Light Emitting Diode)
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| show | too much light intensity, causing fogging (density too dark)
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| Name 4 types of darkroom entrances: | show 🗑
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| What makes up the pass boxes of the darkroom? | show 🗑
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| show | 60% ratio
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Created by:
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