Romantic period
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| Romanticism | show 🗑
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| show | Composers cultivating their own national identity through music; using folk song ideas
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| Virutoso | show 🗑
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| Program Music | show 🗑
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| show | Music that had no extramusical appropriations
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| show | Son of school teacher; liked to match words to music; very big on expression;
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| H. Berlioz | show 🗑
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| F. Mendelssohn | show 🗑
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| show | Took lessons from Weich (Clara's father). Character pieces super important. Went crazy in old age. Married Clara. Fathered 8 children.
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| Clara Schumann | show 🗑
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| show | Piano. Moved to Paris. Highest social circles. New possibilities for piano; stronger frame, more dynamics for example.
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| show | German song.
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| Song Cycle | show 🗑
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| show | Group of musicians; playing Schubert's music in his salons
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| Damper pedal | show 🗑
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| Idee fixe | show 🗑
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| show | Chant sequence; used as a symbol of death, the macabre, or the diabolical
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| show | "Stolen time". Distortion of tempo for expressive purposes
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| Grand Opera | show 🗑
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| show | Librettist and composer; leaders of French Grand Opera
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| show | Spoken dialogue instead of recit. ; less pretentious than grand opera; straightforward comedy or serious drama
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| show | Offenbach was a leader of this genre; witty satirical elements of comic opera
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| Lyric opera | show 🗑
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| Exoticism | show 🗑
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| show | Exotic piece; fast in 3/4 meter. Accomp. like strum of guitar
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| show | One of the most popular composers of his generation. Opera scene; Italian; known for comic operas. Blended buffa and seria
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| Patter song | show 🗑
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| Bel canto | show 🗑
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| show | entrance aria
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| Cantibile | show 🗑
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| Cabaletta | show 🗑
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| show | Ruling presence of Italian music second half of 19th century. "patriotic", Viva verdi. Human drama in his operas. Vocal melody important. Very Romantic era, expressive.
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| Reminiscence motives | show 🗑
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| C. M. Von Weber | show 🗑
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| German Romantic opera | show 🗑
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| show | One of most influential composers. Believed main purpose of music to serve dramatic expression. Supported by King of Bavaria. Saw himself as Beethoven's successor. Exiled to Switzerland for political ties.
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| show | Ring Cycle; series of operas telling story of a magical ring. 19 hours of music over 4 consecutive evenings. LOTR similar.
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| Bayreuth Festspielhaus | show 🗑
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| show | Genre created by Wagner; as complete work of art (aka Gesamtkunstwerk)
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| Gesamtkunstwerk | show 🗑
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| Leitmotif | show 🗑
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| show | Living in the shadow of composers such as Beethoven; scared some composers from writing or publishing works as to not be compared to him.
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| F. Liszt | show 🗑
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| show | 1-movement programmatic work. few themes developed.
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| show | Liszt used this to bring other's original works to audience
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| show | Leading German composer of his time. Pianist, composer, teacher. Supporters of Schumanns. Applied formal genres, conservative romantic.
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| Tchaikovsky | show 🗑
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| show | Bohemian composer. Sought to create national music.
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| A. Dvorak | show 🗑
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| show | Leading Austro-German composer of symphonies after Brahms. Born in Bohemia. Career as opera and orch, conductor. Programmatic, expressive composer.
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| Orchestral Lied | show 🗑
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| R. Strauss | show 🗑
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| show | Balakriev, Borodin, Cui, Musorgsky, Rimsky-Korasov. Regular people, wanting to keep Russian nationalism alive. Learned to compose; Modest Musorgsky most famous.
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| show | Norweigan composer. Wanting to keep nationalism alive. Piano style emulates Chopin. Modal, bass drones, changing time signature.
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| show | First famous English composer in over 200 years. Music not inspired by folk songs.
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| show | Most successful Italian composer after Verdi. Distinct style; focuses on vocal melody. Famous Madam Butterfly.
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