Conventional Flouroscopy
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| Who invented the fluoroscope? | Thomas Edison
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| What year was the fluoroscope invented? | 1896
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| What kind of studies is the fluoroscope used for (static? dynamic?) | Dynamic
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| At what mA is the xray tube operated at in fluoroscopy | less than 5 mA
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| What are the structures of the eyes responsible for vision | rods and cones
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| which structure of the eye is sensitive to low light (night vision) | rods
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| which structure of the eye is used for daylight vision | cones
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| What receives the incident xray beam after it leaves the patient | image-intensifier tube
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| what is the IIT housed in | glass envelope
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| After the xray beam passes glass, what does it come in contact with | Input phosphor
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| What is the input phosphor made out of | cesium iodide
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| what does the input phosphor do to the xray beam | converts it to visible light
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| what is the next point of interaction after the input phosphor | photocathode
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| what in the input phosphor made out of | cesium and antimony compounds
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| what does the photocathode do when the input phosphor illuminates it | it reacts to the illumination by emitting electrons to anode
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| what is the next point of interaction after the electrons pass the anode | output phosphor
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| what happens to the electrons when they hit the output phosphor | they interact and produce light
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| what is the output phosphor made out of | zinc cadmium sulfide
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| why are there electrostatic focusing lenses and what do they do | because the electron pattern from the cathode is larger than the output phosphor it must be reduced, they control this
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| what is the number of output light photons over the number of input xray photons | flux gain
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| what is the multiplication of minification gain and flux gain | brightness gain
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| what is the ratio of the square of the diameter of the input phosphor to the square of the diameter of the output phosphor | minification gain
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| which type of image intensifier provides greater flexibility in all examinations | multifield image intensifiers
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| what is the most common trifield tube size | 25/17/12
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| what is the reduction of brightness at the periphery of an image | vignetting
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| which television camera tube is most often used in television flouro | vidicon
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| what is a significant advantage to television monitoring | brightness level and contrast can be controlled electronically
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| what structure converts the light signal from the output phosphor to an electrical signal | television camera tube or CCD
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| what component is a heated filament that supplies constant electron current by thermionic emission | electron gun
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| in digital flouro what is the mA operated at | its measured in hundreds of mA instead of less than 5 mA
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| what is the time required for the xray tube to switch on | interrogation time
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| what is the time required for the xray tube to switch off | extinction time
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| What does DF use instead of a TV camera tube | charged couple device
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| what is the CCD made of | crystalline silicon
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| What makes the silicon in the CCD produce an electric charge | when the silicon is illuminated
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| what is the principal advantage of CCDs | small focal size, ruggedness
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| Name the advantages of CCD | high spatial res, high SNR, high DQE, no warm up time, no lag, no spatial distortion, no maintenance, unlimited life, unaffected by mag fields, linear response, lower patient dose
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| name the advantages of flat panel image receptor over CCD | distortion free, High DQE, rectangular, improved contrast res, unaffected by mag fields
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| what is progressive mode | when the electron beam of the TV cam tube sweeps the target assembly continuously from top to bottom
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| what is replacing the cathode ray tube | flat panel image display
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| which type of subtraction is where an image obtained at one time is subtracted from an image obtained at another time | temporal subtraction
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| what is the initial x-ray pulsed exposure that is made | mask image
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| what is an 18 gauge hollow needle with stylet | Seldinger needle
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| which catheter is used for the femoral artery | H1 headhunter Hinck
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| which catheter has a gentle curve used for celiac, renal, and mesenteric arteries | c2, cobra
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| what are pigtail catheters used for | injecting contrast into a bouls
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| what are the risks to an arteriogram | continued bleeding, reaction, blood clot, penetration
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| what are some modifications on the xray tube for interventional radiography | small target angle, massive anode to withstand high heats
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| what are some modifications on the high voltage generator for IR | 12 pulse power capable of 100kW with low ripple
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