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Who invented the fluoroscope?
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What year was the fluoroscope invented?
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Bontrager chap 25
Conventional Flouroscopy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who invented the fluoroscope? | Thomas Edison |
| What year was the fluoroscope invented? | 1896 |
| What kind of studies is the fluoroscope used for (static? dynamic?) | Dynamic |
| At what mA is the xray tube operated at in fluoroscopy | less than 5 mA |
| What are the structures of the eyes responsible for vision | rods and cones |
| which structure of the eye is sensitive to low light (night vision) | rods |
| which structure of the eye is used for daylight vision | cones |
| What receives the incident xray beam after it leaves the patient | image-intensifier tube |
| what is the IIT housed in | glass envelope |
| After the xray beam passes glass, what does it come in contact with | Input phosphor |
| What is the input phosphor made out of | cesium iodide |
| what does the input phosphor do to the xray beam | converts it to visible light |
| what is the next point of interaction after the input phosphor | photocathode |
| what in the input phosphor made out of | cesium and antimony compounds |
| what does the photocathode do when the input phosphor illuminates it | it reacts to the illumination by emitting electrons to anode |
| what is the next point of interaction after the electrons pass the anode | output phosphor |
| what happens to the electrons when they hit the output phosphor | they interact and produce light |
| what is the output phosphor made out of | zinc cadmium sulfide |
| why are there electrostatic focusing lenses and what do they do | because the electron pattern from the cathode is larger than the output phosphor it must be reduced, they control this |
| what is the number of output light photons over the number of input xray photons | flux gain |
| what is the multiplication of minification gain and flux gain | brightness gain |
| what is the ratio of the square of the diameter of the input phosphor to the square of the diameter of the output phosphor | minification gain |
| which type of image intensifier provides greater flexibility in all examinations | multifield image intensifiers |
| what is the most common trifield tube size | 25/17/12 |
| what is the reduction of brightness at the periphery of an image | vignetting |
| which television camera tube is most often used in television flouro | vidicon |
| what is a significant advantage to television monitoring | brightness level and contrast can be controlled electronically |
| what structure converts the light signal from the output phosphor to an electrical signal | television camera tube or CCD |
| what component is a heated filament that supplies constant electron current by thermionic emission | electron gun |
| in digital flouro what is the mA operated at | its measured in hundreds of mA instead of less than 5 mA |
| what is the time required for the xray tube to switch on | interrogation time |
| what is the time required for the xray tube to switch off | extinction time |
| What does DF use instead of a TV camera tube | charged couple device |
| what is the CCD made of | crystalline silicon |
| What makes the silicon in the CCD produce an electric charge | when the silicon is illuminated |
| what is the principal advantage of CCDs | small focal size, ruggedness |
| Name the advantages of CCD | high spatial res, high SNR, high DQE, no warm up time, no lag, no spatial distortion, no maintenance, unlimited life, unaffected by mag fields, linear response, lower patient dose |
| name the advantages of flat panel image receptor over CCD | distortion free, High DQE, rectangular, improved contrast res, unaffected by mag fields |
| what is progressive mode | when the electron beam of the TV cam tube sweeps the target assembly continuously from top to bottom |
| what is replacing the cathode ray tube | flat panel image display |
| which type of subtraction is where an image obtained at one time is subtracted from an image obtained at another time | temporal subtraction |
| what is the initial x-ray pulsed exposure that is made | mask image |
| what is an 18 gauge hollow needle with stylet | Seldinger needle |
| which catheter is used for the femoral artery | H1 headhunter Hinck |
| which catheter has a gentle curve used for celiac, renal, and mesenteric arteries | c2, cobra |
| what are pigtail catheters used for | injecting contrast into a bouls |
| what are the risks to an arteriogram | continued bleeding, reaction, blood clot, penetration |
| what are some modifications on the xray tube for interventional radiography | small target angle, massive anode to withstand high heats |
| what are some modifications on the high voltage generator for IR | 12 pulse power capable of 100kW with low ripple |
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marylgs145
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