CT
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| show | The term “tomography” is derived from the Greek word “tomos” meaning section or slice
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| Conventional tomography is still used in what specific situations | show 🗑
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| show | sharp, blurred
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| show | Between 1910 and 1940
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| Who developed and commercialize the first axial computer tomography in 1972 | show 🗑
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| What was this scanner commonly called | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Frank and Takahashi
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| What did the company EMI stand for | show 🗑
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| Who worked for EMI? | show 🗑
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| show | Alan Cormack
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| True/False: Alan Cormack & Hounsfield shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1979 | show 🗑
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| Summarize how CT occurs- starting with radiation attenuated by pt. | show 🗑
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| CAT Scan provides slices or sections of anatomy what planes | show 🗑
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| show | multiplanar reformation
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| What are three advantages of CT over conventional radiography | show 🗑
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| What is the major disadvantage to CT? | show 🗑
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| Another disadvantage is in modern helical CT, volume scanning with no inter-slice gap which has the possibility of........ | show 🗑
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| show | True (this leads to unnecessary increased dose to children)
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| show | chest = 8mSv
pelvis= 20mSv
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| How much higher is the dose in a CT chest exam compared to a routine CXR? | show 🗑
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| Breast dose in thorax CT may be as much as, how many mGy? | show 🗑
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| True/False: Time and radiation dose are not proportional in modern CT scanners | show 🗑
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| What does CAT stand for: | show 🗑
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| What are the three major components of the CT machine: | show 🗑
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| show | x-ray tube, detector array, collimators, high voltage generator, and couch
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| What is the Aperture? | show 🗑
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| show | Patient couch or table
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| What modifications are made to the tube for CT? | show 🗑
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| Why do multislice spiral tubes have special requirements? | show 🗑
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| show | 8 MHU or more
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| show | 1 MHU because the node disc has a large diameter, thicker, resulting in greater mass
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| Does a multislice spiral tube have a small or large focal spot size? why? | show 🗑
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| show | for heat dispersion
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| Define: Detector Array | show 🗑
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| show | A photodiode is a type of photo detector which converts light into either current or voltage depending on the mode of operation
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| show | A scintillation material exhibits the property of luminescence when excited by ionizing radiation. Cadnium tungstate and special ceramics are current choice of crystals
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| show | Solid-state detectors convert transmitted x-ray energy into light, which is then converted into electrical energy and into a digital signal.
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| what does the detector array affect? | show 🗑
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| True/False: Scintillation is preferred to reduce dose | show 🗑
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| where is the pre-patient collimator? | show 🗑
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| where is the post-patient collimator and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between analog and digital? | show 🗑
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| show | - used pencil thin x-ray beam with one detector
- required a 4.5 minute exposure time to gather enough info for one slice from at 180* rotation
- Could only do Head Scans
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| Name Three attributes of a Second Generation Scanner: | show 🗑
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| show | -included a bank of 960 detectors opposite the xray tube that together rotate around the pt. in a complete 360
-scanning times were reduced significantly compared to 1st and 2nd generation
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| Name three attributes of a 4th generation scanner: | show 🗑
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| True/False: A 4th generation scanner is more advanced than a 3rd generation scanner | show 🗑
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| show | to move beyond single slice acquisition.
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| What is a slip-ring? | show 🗑
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| show | High tension cables to allow for continuous rotation of the tube while pt. moves in/out of aperture
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| How is a slip-ring configured? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | 3rd and 4th
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| Name 3 advantages of volume scanning: | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| 4 Advantages of multislice scanners: | show 🗑
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| show | - increased cost
- reviewing and archiving large volume cases
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| show | True
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| show | analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
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| Digital values are used in the reconstruction process using a series of what? | show 🗑
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| The display matrix is composed of pixels. Each pixel is a ...... representation of a ......volume of tissue in the CT slice. | show 🗑
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| show | 3-D tissue volumes with height, width and depth.
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| show | The slice thickness
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| What are CT numbers | show 🗑
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| What is the baseline CT number? and what does it represent? | show 🗑
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| What is the CT value for cortical bone | show 🗑
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| What is the CT number for air? | show 🗑
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| what is between these given CT number? | show 🗑
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| What refers to the range of CT numbers that are displayed as shades of gray? | show 🗑
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| Do wide or narrow windows have more CT numbers | show 🗑
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| what do wide windows represent? | show 🗑
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| Define pitch: | show 🗑
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| show | 15mm per second with a slice thickness of 10mm
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| what does a 2:1 ratio run the risk of? | show 🗑
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| What would a 5:1 ratio do? | show 🗑
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