junior year semester 1 final
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| FDR | Franklin Delanor Roosevelt, elected 32, got the US out of Depression
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| Hindenburg |
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| John Steinbeck |
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| Herbert Hoover | president blamed for depression
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| Bonus Army |
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| Mein Kampf | book written by Hitler meaning My Struggle
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| Adolph Hitler | (if you don’t know you’re stupid) caused WWII
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| Joe Louis | American boxer beat Schmelling
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| Max Schmelling | German boxer stood for German and Hitler
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| William McKinley | president during Spanish
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| Teddy Roosevelt | built Panama Canal, was a rough rider, participated in Spanish
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| Archduke Franx Ferdinand | his assassination sparks WWI
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| Manfred von Richthoffen | Red Baron, German, airplane pilot
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| Vlademir Lenin | led Bolsheveks to rebel against Russia government, captured in Germany and shipped back
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| Count Alfred von Schlieffen | 2
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| Prime Minister David Lloyd George | British representative for Versailles
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| Premier Georges Clemenceau | French representative for Versailles
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| Woodrow Wilson | made a 14 point plan for World Peace, died before he could get the US on League of Nation
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| Victorio Orlando | Italian representative at Versailles
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| Kaiser Wilhelm | united German nations, built largest force in world
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| Thomas Edison | invented light bulb
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| Marie and Piere Curie | radiologists
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| JP Morgan | bought Carnegie Steel from Carnegie
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| Ida Tarbell | a famous muckraker
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| American Century | century of industrialization, gilded age?
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| George Pullman | invented luxury cars for trains and wanted quality work and workers, created nice town w/ too strict a lifestyle
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| Karl Landsteiner |
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| Samuel Morse | invented morse code and telegraph
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| Henry Ford | invented assembly line, and first mass produced car, didn’t invent car, interchangeable parts
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| John Rockefeller | owned Standard Oil, controlled 90% of US oil
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| Bill Gates | modern entrepeauner, invented microsoft
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| Progressivism | a movement around 1900 that tried to solve economic, social, and political problems
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| Luis Pasteur | learned how to pasteurize dairy products and found microorganism (bacteria)
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| Wilhelm Roentgen |
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| Alexander Graham Bell | invented telephone
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| Wright Brothers | invented airplanes
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| Virginia Company | first American Corporation which America was founded on
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| Knights of Labor | union made up of all working people regardless of job, led by Uriah Stephens & Terence Powderly, Goals: no child labor, 8 hour work days, and equal pay for men and women
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| Industrialization |
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| Robert Koch | handwashing dude
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| George Washington Carver |
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| Andrew Carnegie | owner of Carnegie steel, STEEL
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| Muckrakers | journalists who investigate trusts with the intent of exposing corruption in business
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| Gilded Age | a period characterized by great wealth, corruption, and inequality; coined by Mark Twain; abuse of power in government and business
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| Joseph Lister |
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| Know terms |
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| Primo genitor | inheritance goes to the oldest son
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| Open range | government owned grasslands leased to the ranchers
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| Indian Peace Commission | decided to solve problems by “civilizing” Indians
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| General George Custer | led 750 soldiers to wipe out the Sioux, got wiped out themselves
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| Crazy Horse | led Sioux against Custer
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| Ghost Dance | dancing ceremony done in hopes of white man returning to the East, was outlawed
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| Homestead Act of 1862 | 160 Acres of FREE land
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| Dry Land Farming | part of a field that is left unplanted one year so that it can soak up and store moisture for next year’s crop
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| Morse code | a system of communication using short codes representing letters of the alphabet
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| Dawes Act 1887 | abolished most tribal organizations
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| Chief Joseph | folded for Whites and wanted other Indians to do the same
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| Ghetto |
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| Machinist |
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| Corporations | group of businessmen who join together to form a larger business
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| Monopolies |
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| Trust | a small group of legally combined companies
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| Monopolizing | using illegal tactics to control industries
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| Collective bargaining |
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| Immigrant | someone moving out of their home country to another
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| Pullman Strike | interfered with mail so Fed. Troops went to break it up
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| Pinkertons | private police who broke up strikes
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| Consumer goods | things people buy for everyday use, how much for how little
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| Patent | legal document to call what you made yours and sell it
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| Interchangeable parts | parts mass produced to buy replacements
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| Shares | parts of a business
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| PUC | public utilities commission
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| Strikes | workers not working because of work conditions
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| WOP |
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| Great Railroad Strike | workers tried to stop trains, got mowed down, public set fire to RR property, Feds were send in
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| Assembly line | each worker adds a single part for the overall work
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| Capital | money
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| Tycoon | rich guy
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| Unions |
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| Scabs | people who replaced people on strike
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| Monopolies | complete control over the production and price of a particular item
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| Ellis Island | the place where immigrants came through to come into the country
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| Haymarket Strike | Anarchists joined strike, bomb is thrown killing a police officer, 8 anarchists are tried for murder, 4 are hanged, 1 commits suicide, and 3 are pardoned
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| Entrepreneur | someone who invents things
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| Mass Production | Ford’s assembly line, something sold in bulk
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| AFL |
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| Philanthropy | giving away one’s money
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| Arbitration |
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| Gilded | covered in gold
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| Assimilation | adapting to a change in surroundings
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| Homestead Strike | Carnegie’s workers go on strike, Pinkertons break it up
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| Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino patriot led the US in revolt against Spain
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| Gavrilo Princip | member of the Black Hand society who killed Franz Ferdinand
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| Black Hand Society | a society aimed at uniting all Serbs, including the ones in Bosniea
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| Annex | to take a country and add it their own
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| Imperialism | establishing political or economic control over other countries “taking their resources and selling them our crap!”
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| Allies | France, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy
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| Central Powers | Germany, Austria
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| Trench warfare | battle strategy in which both sides attack from fortified ditches rather than on an open battle field
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| Poisonous gas | sprayed through tubes, most common= mustard gas, Germany was the 1st to use it@ the Battle of Ypres
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| Mechanized warfare | warfare that lies on machines powered by engine, not just manpower
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| Liberate | to “free” countries not our own
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| Nationalism | belief that national interests and national unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation
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| Big Bertha | a 1st great cannon
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| Observation balloons | helium balloons used to survey battle ground?
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| League of Nations | a point of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points that was supposed to keep peace, an international organization establishing a way for nations to discuss and settle problems without having to go to war
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| Yellow journalism | sensational news coverage, emphasizing crime and scandal, pressured Spanish
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| Militarism | the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
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| Zeppelin | nitrogen filled airships similar to a blimp
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| Shell shock | negative emotional and psychological effects on soldiers after experiencing battle
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| Guerilla warfare | all
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| Alliance system | the division of Europe into 2 armed, hostile camps
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| Stale mate | neither side wins
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| Machine gun nest | big gun on a tripod 600 rounds of ammunition/minute, super killing machine
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| Bear market | bad market
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| Bull market | good market
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| Black Tuesday | Oct. 29, 1929 the bottom fell out of the market
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| Speculation | buying stocks on the chance that you might get rich quick, ignoring the risk
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| Wealth tax act |
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| Closing price |
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| New deal | term used to describe President FDR’s programs designed to combat the Great Depression
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| Dust bowl | the region, extending from TX to ND, that was made worthless for farming by drought, over
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| Round lots |
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| Red money |
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| Fire side chats | informal radio broadcasts from FDR to the American people, updating the them on the progress of the country and its economy
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| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps
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| Depression | period when business slows down, little money is in circulation, and there is a high unemployment rate
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| Buying on margin | paying a small amount of the stock price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
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| Broker | the person that recommended you to invest them with them paying the rest of the “margin”
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| Sit | down strike
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| Open lots |
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| Subsidies |
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| 3 R’s | relief, recovery, reform
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| Demagogues | leaders who manipulate people with half
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| Father Coughlin | “radio Priest” who supported and then attacked FDR’s New Deal
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| Huey Long | political advocate for socialism in the US, assassinated in 1935
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| Lone Ranger | popular children’s program
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| Gone with the Wind | #1 film of the era about life aong the Southern plantation owners during the Civil War
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| Penny Auctions | farm auctions during the GD at which neighbors saved each other’s property from foreclosure by bidding low
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| Bonus Army | a group of WWI veterans and their families who protested in Washington D.C. in 1932 demanding immediate payment of a pension bonus
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