Med Terms Ch 2
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| anatomy | study of the structures of the body
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| physiology | study of the function of the structures of the body
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| anatomic position | standing up straight, erect, and facing forward
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| midsagittal plane | plane that divides the body in equal right and left halves
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| frontal plane | vertical plane that divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
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| dorsal | refers to the back of an organ or body (opp of ventral)
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| anterior | situated in the front
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| posterior | situated in the back
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| superior | toward the head, above
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| inferior | toward the feet, below
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| caudal | toward the lower part of the body
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| medial | direction toward, or nearer, the midline
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| lateral | direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body
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| cranial cavity | protects the brain
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| spinal cavity | protects the spinal cord
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| homeostasis | the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
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| thoracic cavity | protects the heart and lungs
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| abdominal cavity | contains the primary organs of digestion
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| pelvic cavity | contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
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| hypochondriac regions | -right and left
-below the ribs
-covered by the ribs
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| peritoneum | protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
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| parietal paritoneum | -outer layer
-lines the interior of the abdominal wall
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| messentary | -fused double layer (middle)
-attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
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| visceral peritoneum | -inner layer
-surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
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| retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum
-the kidneys are retroperitoneal
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum
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| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | -genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing
-tested for at birth
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| histology | the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
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| muscle tissue | has the specialized ability to contract and relax
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| aplasia | defective development, or congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
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| hypoplasia | the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
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| anaplasia | -change in the structure of their cells and orientation to each other
-characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
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| hyperplasia | enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
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| endocrine glands | -no ducts
-hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream
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| adenitis | inflammation of a gland
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| adenoma | benign tumor of a gland (vs. adenocarcinoma - cancerous tumor)
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| adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland
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| adenosis | any disease or condition of a gland
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| adenosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a gland
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| adenectomy | surgical removal of a gland
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| patholgy | the study of disease
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| etiology | the study of the causes of diseases
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| pathogen | disease-producing microorganism
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| bloodborne transmission | spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
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| epidemic | a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
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| pandemic | an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
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| skeletal system | -supports and shapes the body
-protects the internal organs
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| idiopathic disorder | an illness without known cause
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| nosocomial infection | a disease acquired in a hospital or clinic setting
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| atresia | the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
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| geriatrician | physician who specializes in the care of the elderly
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