Adult II EXAM III
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| What type of disorder is Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | Beta cells of Pancreas in the Islets of Langerhands
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| show | gets glucose into cells
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| show | carrier/transport molecule to take glucose into cells
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| show | Glucose
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| What is the "problem" in Type 1 DM (what is the root source of the issue)? | show 🗑
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| show | Type 1 DM
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| show | Type 1 DM, Juvenile-Dependent Diabetes
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| What is the cause of Type 1 DM? | show 🗑
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| show | Autoimmune; believed that something causes the body's immune system to destroy Normal Insulin producing cells
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| show | Viral Infection and Impaired Immune System
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| What age group does Type 1 DM most commonly occur in? | show 🗑
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| show | MUST have Insulin to SURVIVE, even if NOT EATING, to maintain basal requirements
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| show | MUST have Insulin to SURVIVE, even if NOT EATING, to maintain basal (basic) requirements for body function
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| What type of disease is Type 2 DM? | show 🗑
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| What is the "problem" in Type 2 DM (what is the root source of the issue)? | show 🗑
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| In what age group does Type 2 DM occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Type 2 DM
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| What are two risk-factors for Type 2 DM? | show 🗑
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| What are the two most common types of Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| Definition: "Type 2 Diabetes" | show 🗑
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| show | Gestational Diabetes
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| What are women who have had Gestational Diabetes at increased risk for later in life? | show 🗑
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| What are more rare causes of Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| Definition: "Gestational Diabetes" | show 🗑
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| How does Insulin production change as we age? | show 🗑
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| What occurs when there is an Insulin shortage or Insulin resistance? | show 🗑
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| show | Poly's: -Dypsia (thirst); -Phagia (hunger); -Urea (urination)
Dry skin
Blurred Vision
Drowsiness
Nausea
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| show | no
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| show | Brain, Spleen, Pancreas, Liver
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| Why does the fact that some organs do NOT require Insulin to use Glucose make Glucose balance IMPERATIVE? | show 🗑
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| show | as result of Illness, Injury, or Stress
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| show | slow/insidious onset, NO or None-Specific Symptoms
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| What type of Diabetes do Polydipsia, Polyuria, and Polyphagia as symptoms apply to? | show 🗑
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| What characterizes the weight of a patient with Type 1 DM? | show 🗑
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| show | usually obese
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| What symptoms do Type 1 and Type 2 DM have in common? | show 🗑
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| show | ACUTE - presents in DKA
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| In which type of Diabetes is DKA more common? | show 🗑
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| What symptoms are unique to Type 2 DM? | show 🗑
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| show | Type 2 DM
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| show | DKA is D/T lack of Insulin needed to get Glucose into cells = Fat breakdown to Glucose = Ketones in blood = DKA; Type 1 DM has TOTAL or Nearly total lack of Insulin, Type 2 usually has ENOUGH Insulin to keep DKA form occurring
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| show | Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; DKA; Hyperglycemia-Hyperosmolar State (HHS) (HHNS)
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| show | Insulin
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| How is Insulin administration Dosage usually determined in an acute-care setting? | show 🗑
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| How is DKA treated? | show 🗑
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| show | "Diabetic KetoAcidosis"; sugars run high long enough that a high level of blood acid called ketones develop as a result of fat breakdown in an attempt to create fuel; ketones spill into urine and can be checked at home
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| show | Juice or other Carbohydrate (CHO) source first, then Protein 30 minutes later
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| How is Hypoglycemia treated if patient is UNCONSCIOUS? | show 🗑
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| How long do you wait before giving Protein when treating a patient with Hypoglycemia? | show 🗑
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| What are the Symptoms of HHNS? | show 🗑
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| What can HHNS lead to? | show 🗑
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| What are the Symptoms of Hypoglycemia? | show 🗑
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| show | decrease blood sugar concentration:
Polydypsia = increased thirst = increased fluid volume = decreased sugar concentration
Polyurea = increased urination = increased sugar excretion = decreased sugar concentration
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| Are Polydypsia and Polyurea symptoms of Hypoglycemia (why/why not)? | show 🗑
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| show | both
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| show | cells need fuel/glucose; cells aren't getting it, so body assumes you need to eat something to get glucose
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| Why do Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia both have Hunger (Polyphagia) as a symptom? | show 🗑
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| Why does Hypoglycemia have Sweatiness (Diaphoresis) as a symptom? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperglycemia is a condition of too much Blood Glucose, or too much Glucose in relation to Fluid; Dry Skin is a result of Physiological compensation of Water Retention in Blood to DECREASE concentration of Glucose
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| What symptoms are unique to Hyperglycemia (not shared by Hypoglycemia)? | show 🗑
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| What symptoms are unique to Hypoglycemia (not shared by Hyperglycemia)? | show 🗑
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| What are Chronic Complications of Hyperglycemia? | show 🗑
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| How can risks of Hyperglycemia be reduced? | show 🗑
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| What "Hyper's" are included in Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) | show 🗑
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| What are symptoms (non "Hyper's" included in Metabolic Syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | syndrome describing a cluster of health problems related to Diabetes
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| What things affect Blood Sugar? | show 🗑
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| What kind of medications are we thinking about when we say they decrease Blood Sugar? | show 🗑
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| What does exercise effect, specifically? | show 🗑
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| show | Consistent Carbohydrate
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| What does a Consistent Carbohydrate diet do? | show 🗑
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| show | Diet and Exercise
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| show | ANY type of Stress whether Emotional or Physical; presence of Stress = higher Metabolic need of Glucose = higher Food intake (without elevated Insulin intake) = elevated Blood Glucose
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| show | Types 1 AND 2 DM
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| What does Type 1 DM ALWAYS require? | show 🗑
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| How is the frequency of Blood Glucose monitoring determined for Type 2 DM? | show 🗑
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| show | Diet/Exercise/WEIGHT LOSS
Oral Antidiabetic Agents
Insulin
Injectable NEW DM Meds (GLP-1)
AGGRESSIVE Preventative Healthcare
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| show | average blood glucose level over the past 6 weeks
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| show | assessment of overall control and risk factor
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| How often is HGA1C usually done? | show 🗑
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| show | 30-35% increase
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| show | 4.0-5.7%
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| show | below 6.5%
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