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All AP Geography vocab words to study for AP test

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Term
Definition
show Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through owner ship by large corporations.  
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Agricultural Revolution   show
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show The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.  
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Aquaculture/Aquafarming   show
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Cereal Grain   show
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Chaff   show
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Combine   show
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show Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.  
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show Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.  
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show The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.  
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Desertification   show
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Dietary energy consumption   show
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show harvesting twice a year from the same field  
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food security   show
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show seed of a cereal grass  
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show rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers  
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Horticulture   show
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show outer covering of a seed  
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show a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land  
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show the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied  
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paddy   show
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pastoral nomadism   show
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pasture   show
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show a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country  
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prime agricultural land   show
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show a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area  
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reaper   show
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show a system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation  
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Sawah   show
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show a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few year and left fallow for a relatively long period.  
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slash and burn agriculture   show
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show wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the winter  
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subsistence agriculture   show
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show farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides  
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show a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning  
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show to beat out grain from stalks  
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transhumance   show
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truck farming   show
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show dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity  
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show rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth  
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winnow   show
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show wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer  
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abiotic   show
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atmosphere   show
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biosphere   show
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show composed of living organisms  
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show the science of making maps  
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show the long term average weather condition at a particular location  
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concentration   show
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show relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space  
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conservation   show
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show the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population  
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cultural ecology   show
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show the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group  
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culture   show
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show the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area  
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Diffusion   show
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distance decay   show
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show the arrangement of something across earth's surface  
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ecology   show
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ecosystem   show
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environmental determinism   show
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show the spread of a feature or trend among people form one area to another in an additive process  
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formal region   show
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functional region   show
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show the development and analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies  
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show a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.  
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global positioning system (GPS)   show
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show actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.  
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show the time in zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude.  
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show the region from which innovative ideas originate.  
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show the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.  
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show a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value.  
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hydrosphere   show
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international date line   show
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show the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator  
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show earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust  
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show the position of anything on Earth's surface  
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show the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of prime meridian  
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show a two dimensional or flat representation of earth's surface or a portion of it  
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show the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the actual feature on earths surface  
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mental map   show
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meridian   show
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show a chain of communication that connects places  
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nonrenewable resource   show
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parallel   show
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pattern   show
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show a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic  
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polder   show
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possibilism   show
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preservation   show
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show the meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich, england  
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show a system used to transfer locations from earths surface on a flat map  
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show an area distinguished by a unique combo of trends and features  
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show an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area  
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relocation diffusion   show
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show the acquisition of data about earths surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods  
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show something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans  
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resource   show
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scale   show
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show the physical character of a place  
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situation   show
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space   show
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space time compression   show
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stimulus diffusion   show
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sustainability   show
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toponym   show
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show a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located  
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show the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy  
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vernacular region   show
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Acid deposition   show
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Acid precipitation   show
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air pollution   show
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apparel   show
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show the amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organ waste;a measure of water pollution  
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show a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another  
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show an industry in which the final product weighs more or has a bigger volume than the inputs  
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show an industry in which the final product weighs less or has less volume than the inputs  
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chlorofluorocarbon   show
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cottage industry   show
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ferrous   show
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fordist production   show
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greenhouse effect   show
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industrial revolution   show
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show shipment parts and material to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed  
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labor intensive industry   show
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maquiladora   show
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new international division of labor   show
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show metals utilized to make products other than iron and steel  
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show pollution that originates from a large, diffused area  
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outsourcing   show
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show a gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, above earths surface  
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show an atmospheric condition formed through a combo of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions  
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point source pollution   show
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post fordist production   show
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show US law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment  
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sanitary landfill   show
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show location factors that relate to the costs of a factory's production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital  
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show location factors related to the transportation of materials into a from a factory  
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textile   show
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vertical integration   show
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agricultural density   show
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arithmetic density   show
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census   show
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show the total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society  
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crude death rate(CDR)   show
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demographic transition   show
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demography   show
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show the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force  
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show the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase  
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ecumene   show
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epidemiologic transition   show
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show the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality  
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industrial revolution   show
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show the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births in a society  
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show the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.  
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show medical technology invented in Europe and north America that has diffused to the poorer countries in latin America, asia, and Africa.  
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show the percentage growth of a population in a year,computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate  
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show a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living  
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show disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population  
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show the number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture  
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show a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and gender  
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show the number of males per 100 females in the population  
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total fertility rate (TFR)   show
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zero population growth (ZPG)   show
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asylum seeker   show
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show large scale emigration by talented people  
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chain migration   show
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circulation   show
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counterurbanization   show
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emigration   show
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show the area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends  
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forced migration   show
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guest worker   show
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immigration   show
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internal migration   show
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internally displaced person   show
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show permanent movement from one country to another  
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interregional migration   show
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intervening obstacle   show
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intraregional migration   show
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migration   show
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migration transition   show
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mobility   show
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net migration   show
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pull factor   show
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show a factor that induces people to move to a new location  
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show in reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year  
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show people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion  
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unauthorized immigration   show
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voluntary migration   show
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custom   show
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folk culture   show
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habit   show
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show culture found in large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics  
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taboo   show
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terroir   show
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creole/creolized language   show
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show a combo of german and english  
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dialect   show
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show a dialect spoken by African americans  
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show a language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used  
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show a term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language  
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isogloss   show
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isolated language   show
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language   show
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show a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago  
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language family   show
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language group   show
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show a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages  
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literary tradition   show
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logogram   show
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official language   show
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pidgin language   show
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received pronunciation (RP)   show
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spanglish   show
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show the form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communication  
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vulgar latin   show
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show belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists  
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animism   show
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show belief that God does not exist  
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show a religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally  
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branch   show
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show the class or distinct hereditary order into which a hindu is assigned, according to religious law  
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show a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe  
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show a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body  
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show a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are located  
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show literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion  
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ghetto   show
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hierarchical religion   show
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show an individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion  
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show the doctrine or belief in the existence of only one god  
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pagan   show
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show a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes  
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polytheism   show
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sect   show
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show an astronomical event that happens twice a year when the tilt of earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the sun  
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syncretic   show
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show a religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location  
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show laws in south Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas  
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show a process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities  
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balkanized   show
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show a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood  
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centripetal force   show
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ethnic cleansing   show
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show identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of a common heredity and cultural traditions  
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genocide   show
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show loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality  
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nationality   show
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race   show
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show belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race  
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show a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism  
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show a person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops  
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show a practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to africa  
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anocracy   show
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autocracy   show
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show a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries  
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boundary   show
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show a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediately surrounding countryside  
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show an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory  
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colony   show
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show a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly  
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show a country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office  
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show a state with a long narrow shape  
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federal state   show
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show a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory  
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frontier   show
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gerrymandering   show
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show a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea  
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show a state that encompasses a very small land area  
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multiethnic state   show
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nation state   show
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perforated state   show
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show an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension  
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show the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves  
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show ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states  
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state   show
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show the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population of coerce a government into granting its demands  
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show an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials  
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active solar energy systems   show
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adolescent fertility rate   show
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show fuel that derives form plant material and animal waste  
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show a nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium  
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show the quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy  
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developed country (MDC)   show
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show a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development  
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development   show
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show an alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to treat workers fairly.  
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show the percentage of women holding full time jobs outside the home  
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fission   show
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foreign direct investment (FDI)   show
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show an energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago  
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show the pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas  
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fusion   show
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show a measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality  
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show the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period  
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show the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that enters and leaves the country  
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show an indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the UN, that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy  
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show power generated from moving water  
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show modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country  
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show the percentage of a country's people who can read and write  
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show the number of women who die giving birth per 100000 births  
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microfinance   show
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millennium development goals   show
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passive solar energy systems   show
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show a solar energy cell, usually made from silicon, that collects solar rays to generate electricity  
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potential reserve   show
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show the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from earth's surface, through agriculture and a few other activities  
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show the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it  
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show the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits  
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show the amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country  
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radioactive waste   show
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secondary sector   show
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structural adjustment program   show
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supply   show
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tertiary sector   show
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uneven development   show
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show the gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy  
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show industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement  
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business services   show
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central place   show
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show theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services  
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show a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement  
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show businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and educations, health, and leisure services  
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show a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages  
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economic base   show
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show the process of consolidating small land holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th century  
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gravity model   show
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market area (Hinterland)   show
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nonbasic industries   show
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primate city   show
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primate city rule   show
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show services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses  
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show the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service  
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rank size rule   show
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service   show
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show a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitant  
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show the minimum number of people needed to support a service  
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show an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements  
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show legally adding land area to a city in the US  
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census tract   show
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show the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered  
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show an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self governing unit  
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show in the US, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tied together by commuting patterns  
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show a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings  
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core based statistical area   show
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council of government   show
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show the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery  
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show a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area  
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filtering   show
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food desert   show
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show a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income, renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class, owner occupied area  
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show a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area  
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megalopolis   show
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multiple nuclei model   show
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peripheral model   show
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primary census statistical area (PCSA)   show
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Public housing   show
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show a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries  
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show the 4 consecutive 15 minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic  
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sector model   show
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smart growth   show
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social area analysis   show
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show development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built up area  
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squatter settlement   show
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underclass   show
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urban area   show
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show in the US, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants  
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show in the US, an urban area with a at least 50,000 inhabitants  
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show a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community  
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