Apsy 211 exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Applied Research | research designed to be used in real world situations
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| Basic Research | research directed at understanding the fundamental aspects of a phenomenon
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| Confirmation Bias | cognitive bias where a person seeks information that confirms their belief and does not seek info that would go against their beliefs
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| Critical thinking skills | ability to determine what info is required to tackle a question or problem
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| empirical research | research in which data is collected through systematic observation
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| hindsight bias | a cognitive bias in which a person feels they predicted the outcome of an event when they really did not
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| introspection | using ones own thoughts as evidence for the nature of psychological phenomena
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| Law of small numbers | more likely to get an extreme result when sample size is small, than when it is large
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| nonempirical research | a method for gaining knowledge that isn't systematic or scientific, such as personal experience or opinion
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| outlier | an unusual data point; extreme score
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| pseudoscience | the presentation of info that is intended to look as though it is based on scientific observation when it is not
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| replication | the repetition of an experiment that uses the exact same methodology
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| scientific method | a method of systematic observation that enables a person to test a hypothesis
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| What are the characteristics of a good scientist? | skepticism
open mindedness
objectivity
empiricism
creativity
communication
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| Why is science in the media different? | media tends to make things sound scientific or factual when there is no real evidence to back it up. subconcious clues such as big words, lab coats, statistics
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| Anecdotal evidence | relying on our own or others personal experiences
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| What skills of research will be helpful to future careers? | Critical thinking skills
project management
problem solving
analytical skills
interpretation of numerical information
communication skills
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| Barnum effect | tendency for people to believe that very general statements apply specifically to them ex. horoscopes
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| between-subjects design | experimental design in which each participant only recieves 1 level of the independent variable
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| conceptual definition | a definition of a variable that relates to the study; determined by the researcher
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| constant | a factor that is not a variable, ie doesn't change
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| correlational design | an experimental design in which the extent to which variables vary together in a study; does not imply causation
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| data | pieces of information
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| debriefing | revelation of the true purpose of a study that is given to participants after the study is over
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| dependent variables | a variable that is measured by the researcher; not manipulated
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| empirical | use of observation to gather info to answer a research question
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| experimental design | research design that allows the researcher to infer cause and effect relationships between variables
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| hypothesis | a testable prediction
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| independent variable | a variable that is manipulated as part of an experiment; has multiple levels or conditions
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| informed consent | a participants agreement to participate in the study after being told what is to be expected from the study
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| levels | different variations of the Independent variable determined by the researcher
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| nonexperimental design | design used when the independent variable cannot be manipulated see also: quasi-experimental
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| Oscam's razor | the simplest explanation is usually the best one; cutting away unnecessary parts of an explanation
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| operational definition | how variables will be used in a study
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| research journal | peer reviewed periodical with a collection of articles in a given field
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| scientific law | an observation that has been replicated many times with the same results
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| scientific theory | a conclusion about some aspect of the natural law based on repeated hypotheseis testing
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| variables | aspects that are either manipulated or measured by the researcher
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| within subjects design | an experimental design in which all participants receive all levels of the independent variable
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