SPC Mechanical Ventilation Unit 4 Exam 2
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| show | 20th Century
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| Mechanical Ventilation was Initially used when? | show 🗑
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| What year was mechanical ventilation used in Polio units? | show 🗑
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| What are the 5 main uses of Mechanical Ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What are the different type of Ventilators? | show 🗑
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| What is Negative Pressure Ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What is the frequency range for Negative Pressure Ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What is the pressure range for Negative Pressure Ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | Found in home care
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| What are the disadvantages to an Iron Lung? | show 🗑
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| Iron Lung can cause what? | show 🗑
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| show | Check for cracks in the chamber
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| Is an ET tube required in an Iron Lung? | show 🗑
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| show | At the neck leaving only the head exposed.
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| What are the 3 Negative Pressure Ventilator support devices used in the home? | show 🗑
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| show | A Ventilator that is used without an artificial airway (i.e. ET tube or trach is an artificial airway)
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| What part on S.A.V.O. is the only lone indication for use of a Non-Invasive Ventilator? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes
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| show | No airway complications (i.e. pneumonia, vocal chord issue)
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| show | Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
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| What are 6 important points about NPPV or NIPPV? | show 🗑
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| What are 2 alternatives to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in the home? | show 🗑
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| show | Used on those patients with adequate muscle strength but who become hypercapneic and hypoxemic during sleep
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| show | Used on those whose respiratory muscle strength is inadequate to support adequate ventilation
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| show | 1. Less cumbersome than negative pressure vents and allows more patient mobility
2. Simple to apply
3. Removes need for trach
4. Cost effective of NPV and other mechanical vents
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| show | Works entirely on high air pressure and relies on that pressure to ventilate and is usually a transport vent. IF THERE IS AN ELECTRICAL PLUG ITS NOT PNEUMATIC
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| show | Uses modern electronic and computer circuitry to govern the ventilation process. Vast majority of ventilators today use these type ventilators
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| What is the most commonly used vents in the ICU? | show 🗑
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| show | Consist of Electric and Pneumatic. (Pneumatic) where two 50 PSI gas sources (Oxygen and Air) provide pressure to deliver inspiratory gas flow. (Electric) where control of the flow is regulated by a microprocessor.
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| What are the positive pressure vent components? | show 🗑
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| show | Connects the ventilator to the patients artificial airway
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| show | 1. Main inspiratory line
2. Adapter that fits this tube to patient’s airway
3. Expiratory line carries expired gas away for the patient to the exhalation valve
4. Expiratory valve that conducts exhaled gas from the line to the room
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| show | Located on the top, outside of the ventilator. Contains controls for the operator to set the desired parameters for ventilation such as respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (Vt), pressure (Pset), inspiratory time (T1), and FIO2.
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| What does the Pneumatic Circuit consist of? | show 🗑
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| What is spontaneous ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. The most common method of ventilation
2. A pressure above the ambient in created at the mouth causing air to flow into the lungs
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| show | Enclose the thoracis area and creat a negative pressure around the chest wall. (i.e. iron lung and chest cuirass)
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| What are the 3 types of breath delivery? | show 🗑
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| show | Ventilator does all the work of breathing
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| show | Inspiration begun by patient, but the ventilator controls the inspiratory phase and ends inspiration
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| What is a Spontaneous Breath? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 phase of a breath during Mechanical Ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What does TCT stand for? | show 🗑
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| What is the definition of TCT? | show 🗑
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| show | TI + TE =TCT
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| What are the 3 phase variable of a breath? | show 🗑
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| What is triggering as a phase variable? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Pressure (negative pressure usually set at -1 to -2 cmH2O)
2. Flow (drop in flow--baseline may be set at 6 L/m, sensitivity set at 2-3 L/P)
3. Time Triggering (used most often in neonates)
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| What is Limiting as a phase variable? | show 🗑
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| show | Causes breath to end (uses pressure, volume, flow or time)
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| show | The primary variables that the ventilator manipulates to cause inspiration are Volume, pressure, flow and sometimes time.
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| What are the control variables on Expiration? | show 🗑
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| What is Volume controlled ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | Gas flows until a desired tidal volume is reached.
Inspiratory pressures and I: E ratios will be variable.
Respiratory rate is set but can increase as patient breaths on own.
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| What is the MOST common parameter encountered in adult mechanical ventilation. | show 🗑
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| show | Pressure will be constant and limited.
Volume and flow vary
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| show | Gas flows until a desired inspiratory pressure is reached.
Tidal volumes and minute ventilation are variable. (Dependant on compliance and resistance of the lungs.)
Respiratory rate is set but can increase as patient breaths on own
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| show | Pressure
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| What is flow controlled ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What also needs to be known about Flow controlled ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What is time controlled ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What also needs to be known about Time controlled ventilation? | show 🗑
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| show | Usually rectangular (constant), rising exponential or ascending ramps
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| What are Volume Curves? | show 🗑
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| show | Commonly rectangular (constant), ramp (ascending or descending)
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| What is considered when transporting a mechanically ventilated patient? | show 🗑
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| What are the precautions/complications of transporting a mechanically ventilated patient? | show 🗑
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| What are the 5 goals for home ventilation? | show 🗑
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| What is the criteria for a home ventilator selection? | show 🗑
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