farm reproduction
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| gestation length for cow | 283 days
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| gestation length for sheep | 149 days
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| gestation length for pig | 115 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
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| oestrous cycle for cow | 21 days
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| oestrous cycle for sheep | 17 days
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| oestrous cycle for pig | 21 days
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| oestrous / heat for cow | 18-24 hours
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| oestrous / heat for sheep | 36 hours
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| oestrous / heat for pig | 2-3 days
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| give 2 advantages of A.I | - can select the correct bull for each female
- can improve the genetics of the herd
- reduces spread of disease
-bull can be dangerous
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| give 2 advantages of a stock bull | - can detect heat
- less labour intensive
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| give 2 disadvantages of A.I | - labour intensive (getting animals in etc)
-easy to miss a heat if not using heat detection aids
-can be expensive - technician call out
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| give 2 disadvantages of stock bull | - dangerous
-expensive to keep
-replace every two years to prevent inbreeding
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| explain the AM / PM rule | if heat is observed in the morning serve in the evening and vice versa
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| name one heat detection aid and explain how it works | tail paint / pressure pad / pedometer/ raddle harness
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| explain the term polyoestrus | animals that have oestrous cycles throughout the year
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| seasonally polyoestrous | animals that have a number of oestrous cycles but only at certain times of the year
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| give an examples of an animal we have studied that is seasonally polyoestrous | sheep
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| what triggers sheep to come into oestrous? | low levels of day light --> increase levels of melatonin --> triggers hypothalamus to release FSH
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| in terms of sheep explain the term flushing | post weaning ewes are put on a low plane of nutrition (high stocking density) 3-4 weeks before ram is introduced put on high plane of nutrition (low stocking density)
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| what are the advantages of flushing | - more eggs released
- higher conception rates
- better implantation
- more regular oestrous
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| name 2 ways to synchronise breeding of ewes | ram effect / sponging / breeding out of season
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| list the steps involved in breeding out of seasons | 1. insert progesterone sponges 2. after 12-14 days remove sponges 3. 12-36 hours later all come into heat
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| what is the difference between sponging and breeding out of season? | with breeding out of season have to inject with PMSG
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| What is steaming up? | in final 6-8 weeks of pregnancy of ewe gradually increasde concentrates to 500g for singles and 700g for doubles and triples / day = prevent twin lamb disease.
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| name the first milk produced by a cow/ewe/sow | colostrum
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| what are the 3 positive effects of colostrun | warming effect / laxative effect / immunity & antibodies
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| how can we prevent mortality at calving / lambing time | 1. observe 2 isolate 3 assist if in difficulty (have equipment ready)
4 call vet if necessary
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| name three things a farmer should do / check after the birth of young | check airways / remove mucous
ensure mother licks
ensure offspring suckles
dip navel with iodine
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Created by:
msbrowne
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