HESI/NCLEX Review
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| show | 135–145 mEq/L
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| Potassium Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 8.5–10.9 mg/L
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| Chloride Normal | show 🗑
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| Magnesium Normal | show 🗑
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| Phosphorus Normal | show 🗑
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| RBC Normal | show 🗑
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| WBC Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 200,000–400,000
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| show | 12–16 gms women; 14–18 gms men
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| HCO3 Normal | show 🗑
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| CO2 Normal | show 🗑
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| PaO2 Normal | show 🗑
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| SaO2 Normal | show 🗑
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| Glucose Normal | show 🗑
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| Specific gravity Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 7–22 mg/dL
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| Serum creatinine Normal | show 🗑
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| LDH Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 21–232 U/L
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| show | 3.5–7.5 mg/dL
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| Triglyceride Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 130–200 mg/dL
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| show | < 1.0 mg/dL
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| Protein Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 3.4–5.0 g/dL
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| Digoxin Therapeutic level | show 🗑
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| Lithium Therapeutic level | show 🗑
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| Dilantin Therapeutic level | show 🗑
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| show | 10–20 mcg/dL
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| Heart rate Normal (adult) | show 🗑
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| Respiratory rate Normal (adult) | show 🗑
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| show | 110–120 (systolic); 60–90 (diastolic)
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| show | 98.6° ?/–1
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| FHR Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 6–10 BPM.
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| show | normal frequency 2–5 minutes apart; normal duration < 90 sec.; intensity < 100 mm/hg.
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| Amniotic fluid Normal | show 🗑
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| show | A: appearance, P: pulses, G: grimace, A: activity, R: reflexes (Done at 1 and 5 minutes with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased, and 2 for strongly positive.)
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| show | The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein. (Arteries carry deoxygenated blood. The vein carries oxygenated blood.)
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| FAB 9 | show 🗑
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| show | Begin prior to the peak of the contraction and end by the end of the contraction. Caused by head compression. No need for intervention if the variability is within normal range (rapid return to the baseline FHR) and the FHR is within normal range.
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| show | V-shaped on the monitoring strip. Can occur anytime. Caused by cord compression. Intervention: change position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the rate of IV fluids. Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
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| Late decelerations | show 🗑
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| TORCHS syndrome in the neonate | show 🗑
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| show | Stop pitocin if infusing; Turn the client on the left side; Administer oxygen; If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids.
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| Warfarin (Coumadin) monitoring | show 🗑
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| Warfarin (Coumadin) antidote | show 🗑
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| show | APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) 1.5-2 times the control, normally 46-70 seconds (1.5-2 times normal value of 25-35)
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| show | protamine sulfate
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| show | Head: 9%; Arms: 18% (9% each); Torso: 36% (18% each front/back); Legs; 36% (18% each); Genitalia: 1%
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| Arab American cultural attributes | show 🗑
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| Asian American cultural attributes | show 🗑
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| show | They sustain eye contact; blood and organ donation is generally refused; they might refuse circumcision; may prefer care from the tribal shaman rather than using western medicine.
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| show | They might avoid direct eye contact with authorities; they might refuse organ donation; most are very emotional during bereavement; believe in the “hot-cold” theory of illness.
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| show | No blood products should be used
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| show | No beef or items containing gelatin
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| show | Special dietary restrictions, use of kosher foods
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| show | High calorie, high carbohydrate, low protein, low potassium, low sodium, and fluid restricted to intake equal to output + 500 ml
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| show | Low purine; omit poultry (“cold chicken”); medication for acute episodes: Colchicine; maintenance medication: Zyloprim
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| show | a potassium-sparing diuretic, so diet high in potassium should be avoided, including potassium salt substitutes, which can lead hyperkalemia
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| Warfarin (Coumadin) diet | show 🗑
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| MAO inhibitor diet | show 🗑
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| show | Low fat (less than 30% of calories should be from fat)
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| show | respiratory acidosis
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| Acid/base balance when pH down, CO2 down, and HCO3 down | show 🗑
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| Acid/base balance when pH up, CO2 down, and HCO3 down | show 🗑
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| Acid/base balance when pH up, CO2 up, and HCO3 up | show 🗑
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| show | diseases involving either overproduction or inadequate production of cortisol; Addison’s Treatment: increase sodium intake, cortisone preparations vs Cushing’s Treatment: restrict sodium; observe for signs of infection.
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| Treatment for spider bites/bleeding | show 🗑
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| show | HHOP (heat, hydration, oxygen, pain medications)
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| show | Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Polar (cold)
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| show | Hip fractures commonly hemorrhage, whereas femur fractures are at risk for fat emboli.
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| show | Fair, fat, forty, five pregnancies, flatulent (can occur in all ages and both sexes).
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| Autonomy | show 🗑
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| Beneficence | show 🗑
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| Nonmaleficence | show 🗑
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| Justice | show 🗑
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| Fidelity | show 🗑
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| Veracity | show 🗑
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| Daily fluid requirements | show 🗑
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| show | 1 mg/kg/hr
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| DKA vs. HHNS | show 🗑
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| Right-sided vs. left-sided HF manifestations | show 🗑
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| show | aphasia, agraphia, alexia; memory deficit; inability to discriminate words and letters, reading problems, deficits in right visual field; slowness, cautiousness, anxiety with new tasks, depression, guilt, worries, quick anger, intellectual impairment
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| show | impaired sense of humor; disorientation to time, place, person, inability to recognize faces; visual spatial deficits, left-side neglect, loss of depth perception; impulsiveness, denial, confabulation, euphoria, poor judgment, overestimation of abilities
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| Residual in feeding tube that indicates next feeding should be held | show 🗑
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| Virchow’s triad | show 🗑
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| GTPAL | show 🗑
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| show | hemolysis (H), evidenced by burr cells or elevated bilirubin level; elevated liver enzymes (EL), evidenced by elevated AST and ALT; and low platelets (LP), evidenced by a platelet count of < 100,000 mm3
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| show | HELLP syndrome occurs in 2-12% of those with severe preeclampsia. Pts with HELLP syndrome may complain of malaise over several days, epigastric or upper abdominal pain, and n/v. BP may be only slightly elevated or normal and proteinuria may be absent.
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| show | Axis I: Clinical syndromes; Axis II: Personality disorders; Axis III: General medical conditions; Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems; Axis V: Global assessment of functioning
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| Psychosis vs. schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| Piaget's Period for Infancy | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Infancy | show 🗑
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| show | Preoperational Thought: Thinking remains egocentric, becomes magical, and is dominated by perception.
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| show | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 yr): Development of sense of control over the self and body functions; exerts self; characterized by will.
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| Erikson's Stage for Preschoolers | show 🗑
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| show | Concrete Operations: Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and activities are needed.
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| show | Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yr): Mastering of useful skills and tools of the culture; learning how to play and work with peers; characterized by competence.
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| show | Formal Operations: New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and futuristic thinking; understands logical consequences of behavior.
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| Erikson's Stage for Adolescence | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Young Adulthood | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Middle Adulthood | show 🗑
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| show | Ego Integrity vs. Despair (> 65 yr): Realization that there is order and purpose to life; characterized by wisdom.
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| show | 2-3 months
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| Age Anterior fontanel closes | show 🗑
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| Age infant raises head and holds position | show 🗑
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| show | 3-6 months
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| show | 6-8 weeks
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| show | 4-5 months
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| show | 6-7 months
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| show | 6-9 months
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| Age infant begins to pull up | show 🗑
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| show | 8-9 months; complete by 12 months
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| Age Babinski reflex disappears | show 🗑
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| Age grasp reflex disappears | show 🗑
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| show | by 12 months
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| show | by 12 months
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| show | 15 months
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| Age handedness begins to emerge | show 🗑
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| show | 4 years
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| Stages of dying | show 🗑
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| Immunization contraindications for children with immunodeficiency | show 🗑
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| Hepatitis B vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| show | Min: 6 wks; Max: <15 wks; Dose interval: 4 wks, 4 wks (with max age 8 mos)
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| show | Min: 6 wks; Max: none; Dose intervals: 4 wks, 4 wks, 6 mos, 6 mos
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| show | Min: 6 wks; Max: none; Dose Intervals: 4wks (if < 12 mos), 8 wks (final dose if 12-14 mos), no further doses needed (>14 mos)
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| Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| Varicella vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| Hepatitis A vaccine minimum age, maximum age, and minimum dose intervals | show 🗑
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| show | Rotavirus (not given after 14 wks) and Pneumococcal (not given after 24 mos).
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| Vaccines that contain Neomycin | show 🗑
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| Vaccine associated with egg or chicken allergic reactions | show 🗑
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| Vaccine that contains baker’s yeast | show 🗑
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| Vaccines given SQ | show 🗑
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| show | DTaP, Hib, Hep A, Hep B, Influenza (also nasal mist), Pertussis, PCV
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| show | Rotavirus
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| Vaccine given to newborn before discharge | show 🗑
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| show | Breads, Cereals, and Grain Products; Meat, Poultry, Fish, and Alternatives
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| high-fiber foods | show 🗑
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| show | cured meats, pickled foods, canned soups and stews, frankfurters, cold cuts, soy sauce, and salad dressings
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| high-potassium foods | show 🗑
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| show | dairy products (e.g., meat, milk, ice cream, cheese, yogurt) and foods containing dairy products (e.g., pudding)
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| high-calcium foods | show 🗑
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| high-purine foods | show 🗑
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| show | Dark roughage, spinach, rhubarb, asparagus, cabbage, tomatoes, beets, nuts, celery, parsley, runner beans; chocolate, cocoa, instant coffee, Ovaltine, tea; Worcestershire sauce
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| high-folate foods | show 🗑
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| Urinary tract calculi diet | show 🗑
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| Chemotherapy diet | show 🗑
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| First trimester pregnancy diet | show 🗑
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| Second trimester pregnancy diet | show 🗑
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| Third trimester pregnancy diet | show 🗑
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| show | nonpregnant kcal 330-400
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| show | low-normal protein (greater during PD to compensate for losses); fluid restriction based on daily urine output and weight gain; Sodium & Potassium Restriction; Phosphate Restriction
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| CKD foods to avoid | show 🗑
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| Parkland (Baxter) formula for estimating fluid replacement | show 🗑
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| Burn Diet | show 🗑
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