pulm
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| show | The partial pressure at hemoglobin is 50 percent saturated with oxygen.A shift to the right will increase the P50 while a shift to the left will decrease the P50 Normal P50 27 mmhg
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| show | 20 times faster
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| show | Volume of inspired air that does not reach the alveoli for gas exchange
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| show | V/Q ratio decreases PAco2 increases PaO2 decreases.CausesCOPD(emphysema, bronchitis, asthma)Restrictive lung disease( Pneumonia, fibrosis, hypoventilation)
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| What factors can shift the ODC to the left? | show 🗑
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| Explain how capillary shunting is refractory to oxygen | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Low alveolar oxygen tension2. Diffusion defects3. Ventilation- perfusion mismatches4. Pulmonary shunting
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| show | 63% bicarbonate
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| Discuss the Bohr Effect and Haldane Effect | show 🗑
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| What is anatomic shunt? What is the normal value we see? | show 🗑
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| List the factors that move the ODC to the right | show 🗑
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| show | Highest at the apex and lowest at the bases
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| show | Decrease in Ph Store bloodIncrease hypoxiaAnemiaIncrease Ph
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| What is the first sign of hypoxemia? | show 🗑
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| If the ventilation decreases but perfusion stays the same has the V/ Q increased or decrease | show 🗑
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| show | Respiratory acidosis or acute ventilation failure- hypoventilation caused by narcotics barbiturates decrease Pao2 increase PaCo2Respiratory Alkalosis- POCO2 decrease with hyperventilation Ph increase
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| Calculate RQ if the tissue consumes 290ml of oxygen and produces 215ml of CO2 | show 🗑
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| Define alveolar dead space and anatomical dead space | show 🗑
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| show | Acidosis because it is below 20:1
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| Define physiological dead space | show 🗑
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| How much CO2 does the body produce normally at rest in one minute? How much oxygen is consumes normally in one minute? | show 🗑
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| Is a HCO3 to H2CO2 ratio 23:1 acidic or alkalotic? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypoxic hypoxia- PaO2 decrease CaO2 increaseAnemic hypoxia- normal Pao2 CaO2 decreases
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| show | Increases
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| show | Increase PaCO2 decrease PaO2CausesCOPDGeneral anesthetics Head trauma Neurological disordersHypoventilation caused by an overdose of narcotics
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| Discuss the concept of the ion gap. What is the normal range for the ion gap. | show 🗑
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| show | Ph 7.35 to 7.45Below 7.35 acidosis Above 7.45 alkalosisPaCo2 35 to 45Below 35 acidosis Above 45 alkalosisHCO3 22 to 26 below 22 acidosis above alkalosis
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| Causes respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis | show 🗑
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