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AP Human AP Exam Vocab

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes.  
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Globalization   show
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Physical Geography   show
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Spatial Distribution   show
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Pattern   show
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show The study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a geographical perspective.  
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Pandemic   show
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Epidemic   show
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Spatial Perspective   show
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Location theory   show
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show State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character.  
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show Belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures.  
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Movement   show
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Spatial Interaction   show
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show The degree of ease between the measured length between places.  
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show The degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network.  
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Landscape   show
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Sequent Occupance   show
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Cartography   show
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show Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude.  
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Thematic Maps   show
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Absolute Location   show
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show Satellite  
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show A hunt for a cache, the Global Positioning System coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers.  
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show The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places.  
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Mental Maps   show
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Activity Spaces   show
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Generalized map   show
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show A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study.  
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show A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed and displayed to the user.  
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Rescale   show
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show A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena.  
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show A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.  
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show A region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity.  
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Culture Complex   show
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Cultural Hearth   show
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Culture Trait   show
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Cultural Diffusion   show
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Independent Invention   show
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show The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.  
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show Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture.  
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show The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.  
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show The distance-controlled speading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person  
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show A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.  
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show A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.  
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Relocation diffusion   show
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show The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development.  
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Isotherms   show
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Possibilism   show
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show The multiple interaction and relationships between a culture and the natural environment  
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Political Ecology   show
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show Largest branch of Islam, believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems.  
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show A division of Islam, represent the Persian variation, believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, descendants of Ali.  
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Taoism   show
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Theocracy   show
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show A belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope.  
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Zoroastrianism   show
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show These are the styles of architecture created by the religions.  
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Religious Culture Hearth   show
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Religious Conflict   show
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Religious toponym   show
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show Place or space that people infuse with religious meaning  
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Secularism   show
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show Community faith in traditional societies in which people follow a religious leader, teacher, healer and visionary.  
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Sharia Law   show
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show Located in Japan, focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship  
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show One of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4,000 years and does not have a founder, theology or agreement of its origin.  
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Interfaith Boundaries   show
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Islam   show
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Janism   show
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show A monotheistic, ethnic religion first developed among the Hebrew people, its determining conditions include descent from Israel, the Torah and tradition  
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Landscapes of the Dead   show
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show Belief in one god  
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show Belief in more then one god  
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show A term used to describe religious, ideological and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement  
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show A muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah), usually around Ramadan  
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Proselytic religion   show
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show After this life you will come back in another life either as a plant, animal or a human life  
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show A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities  
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show A language used by speakers of a different native language for communication in commercial trade  
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show A belief that natural objects may be the abode of dead people, spirits or gods who occasionally give the objects the appearance of life  
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show A universalizing religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, that suffering is inherent in all life but can be relieved by mental and moral self-purification  
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show Fundamentalism carried to the point of violence.  
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Christianity   show
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Confucianism   show
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show A religion identified with a particular ethnic group and largely exclusive to it. Such a religion does not seek converts.  
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Exclave   show
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show A small bit of foreign territory lying within a state but not under its jurisdiction.  
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Fundamentalism   show
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show The Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, swellings, buildings and cities. Structures and objects are positioned in a effort to channel flows of sheng-chi in favorable ways.  
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Creole   show
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Dialect   show
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show the border of usage of an individual word or pronunciation  
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Language   show
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show A group of related languages derived from common ancestor  
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show A group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor  
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show An existing, well established language of communication and commerce used widely where it is not a mother tongue  
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show 5,000 to 10,000 living languages depending generally on the precision of ones definition of language  
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Monolingual   show
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show The common use of two or more languages in a society or country  
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show A governmentally designated language of instruction of government, of the courts and other official public or private communication  
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show An auxiliary language derived, with reduced vocabulary and simplified structure from other languages  
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Toponymy   show
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show Tracking shifting consonants and cognates back in an effort to reconstruct elements of a prior common language.  
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Doubling Time   show
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Gendered Space   show
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show A figured that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.  
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show The number of infants who die within the first month of life per 1,000 births.  
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Child Mortality Rate   show
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show The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit.  
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Physiologic Population Density   show
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show A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.  
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show Description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live.  
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Population Explosion   show
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Natural Increase   show
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Stationary Population Level(zero population growth)   show
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show Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links.  
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Cyclic Movement   show
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show The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction.  
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show Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.  
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Internal Migration   show
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show The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.  
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show A change in residence intended to be permanent  
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show Temporary, recurrent relocation.  
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show Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.  
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show Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.  
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Refugees   show
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show Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages.  
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show A seasonal periodic movement of person and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.  
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Voluntary Migration   show
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Dependency Ratio   show
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Ecumene   show
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Overpopulation   show
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show A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.  
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show The number of males per 100 females in the population.  
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show A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or nongovernmental organization.  
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Interregional Migration   show
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show All individuals in a certain age range.  
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show Continued population growth long after replacement-level fertility rates have been reached.  
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show Percentage of the total population or the population of each sex at each age level.  
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Carrying Capacity   show
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show Regions where demographics take place.  
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Demographics   show
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show Occurs when a disease is transmitted to a new location.  
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Maladaptation   show
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Natality   show
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show Level of material comfort as measured by the goods, service and luxuries available.  
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show Capable of being continued to an individual, group or nation.  
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show When the population is not sufficient to make full use of all the resources available and so the standard of living are not as high as they could be.  
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Intercontinental migration   show
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Asylum   show
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Place Utility   show
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show Set of all points that can be reached by an individual.  
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Transmigration   show
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show Process to control immigrants in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating.  
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Reverse Remittance   show
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Human Trafficking   show
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show The act of a government sending a migrant out of its country and back to the migrant’s home country.  
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show Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.  
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show The Soviet policy to promote the diffusion of Russian culture throughout the republics of the former Soviet Union.  
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show adoptation of cultural traits by one group under the influence of another  
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assimilation   show
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cultural ecology   show
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show the visible imprint human activity and culture on the landscape  
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culture realm   show
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show a society's collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of behavior and social organizations, together with its tools, structures and artifacts created according to the group's condition of life  
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show a region defined by similar cultural traits and cultural landscape  
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show the spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination  
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relocation diffusion   show
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show introduction of new ideas, practices, objects usually an alteration of custom or culture within a social group  
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show diffusion of a process with negative side effects or what works well in one region may not in another  
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sequent occupance   show
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adaptive strategies   show
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show the part of the physical landscape that represents material culture  
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folk culture   show
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show oral traditions of a folk culture, including tales, fables, legends, customary observations and moral teachings  
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show the tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles and technologies  
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nonmaterial culture   show
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popular culture   show
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traditional architecture   show
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show the franchise is the civil right to vote or the exercise of that right  
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gender gap   show
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show the practice of intentionally killing an infant  
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maternal mortality rate   show
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ethnic cleansing   show
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show spanish word for neighborhood  
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show area, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture in which a local culture can practice its customs  
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ethnicity   show
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race   show
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show a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal or economic pressure  
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show the cultural diversity of communities within a given society and the policies that promote this diversity.  
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ethnic group   show
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show a sizable area inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it  
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show based on the notion that as one culture expands in prosperity, it must engulf regions nearby to ensure on going cultural success  
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show Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group  
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segregation   show
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show This social distance is also known as body space and comfort zone and ... The social distances here are approximate, of course and will vary with people.  
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plural society   show
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ethnic shatterbelt   show
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show the evolutionary process by which an individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit in to a particular culture.  
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longevity   show
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show the identity of a group or culture or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. ...  
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ethnic conflict   show
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ethnic enclave   show
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show The degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of the urban environment  
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Annexation   show
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show Area governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System which is administered through annual meetings  
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show Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas  
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show A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other  
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Border landscape   show
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show When two or more states disagree about the demarcation of a political boundary  
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Boundary origin   show
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Buffer state   show
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Capital   show
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show Forces that tend to divide a country-such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic or ideological differences  
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Centripetal   show
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City-State   show
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show An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political economic and cultural principles in another territory  
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Confederation   show
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show Spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating developed core region.  
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Decolonization   show
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show Movement of economic, social and cultural processes out of the hands of states.  
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Devolution   show
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show The political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control.  
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Exclusive Economic Zone   show
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show The different voting districts that make up local, state and national regions  
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Enclave   show
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Exclave   show
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show A political territorial system where in a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests; defense, foreign affairs, and yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and laws  
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show Is the area of a country, province, region or state regarded as enjoying primary status, although there are exceptions  
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Frontier   show
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Geometric boundaries   show
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show The influence of the habitat on political entities  
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Gerrymander   show
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show Is that which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life  
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Heartland   show
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show An international alliance involving many different countries  
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Iron Curtain   show
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show The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within its territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but lies within a neighboring state  
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Landlocked   show
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show Agreement signed by 158 nations that has standardized the territorial limits for most countries at 12 nautical miles  
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Manifest Destiny   show
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show An approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the midpoint between two places  
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Microstate/Ministate   show
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Nation   show
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National iconography   show
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show Member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and with people possessing bonds of shared cultural attributes  
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show Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape.  
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show Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people  
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show Political geographical group, frequently an ethnic group identification with a particular region of a state rather than with the state as a whole  
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Reunification   show
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show A small weak country dominated by one powerful neighbor to the extent that some or much of its independence is lost  
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show A centralized authority that enforces a single political, economical and legal system within its territorial boundaries  
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Stateless ethnic groups   show
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show A group that does not have a state.  
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Suffrage   show
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show A method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states  
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Territorial Disputes   show
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show An impact on the ability of ruling governments to impose law and policy on state territory  
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show A behavior pattern in animals consisting of the occupation and defense of a territory  
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Theocracy   show
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Treaty Ports   show
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show A sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate  
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Rimland   show
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Agrarian   show
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Agribusiness   show
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Agricultural location model   show
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Agriculture   show
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Animal domestication   show
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Aquaculture   show
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show Decoding of entire genomes or genetic codes for species, which allows biologists studying organisms as different as a bacterium and a human being, a common language in which to communicate  
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show A field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields  
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Collective Farm   show
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show Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm  
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Crop rotation   show
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show An area suited by climate and soil conditions to the growing of a certain type of crop or plant group  
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Dairying   show
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show Financial transactions in which a portion of a developing nation's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investment in conservation measures  
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Double cropping   show
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show Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones and other similar synthetic inputs.  
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Environmental Modification   show
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Subsistence agriculture   show
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Extractive industry   show
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show Term describing times of agricultural recession, low crop prices and low farm incomes that can lead to farm bankruptcy  
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show Type of animal feeding operation which is used in factory farming for finishing livestock, notably beef cattle  
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First agricultural revolution   show
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show Representations of the predator-prey relationships between species within an ecosystem or habitat  
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show The art and science of managing forests, tree plantations and related natural resources  
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Globalized agriculture   show
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Green Revolution   show
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show The period of each year when native plants and ornamental plants grow  
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show The subsistence method based on edible plants and animals from the wild  
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show Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland.  
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show Turning up land between rows of crop plants  
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show An area of landscape, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of raising and grazing livestock  
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show The growing of vegetables or flowers for market  
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Mediterranean agriculture   show
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Mineral Fuels   show
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show The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body  
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show A crop for direct sale in a market, as distinguished from a crop for use as livestock feed or for other purposes.  
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show Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention  
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Plantation agriculture   show
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show Resources that can regenerate as they are exploited  
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show Resources that cannot be regenerated  
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show Took place which increased efficiency of production as well as distribution which allowed more people to move to the cities as the industrial revolution go under way  
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Specialization   show
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Staple grains   show
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Suitcase farm   show
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Survey patterns   show
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show Natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself  
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show For the first time farmers using substantial inputs purchased off their farms, in the form of fertilizers for their land and artificial feedstuffs for their animals  
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show A dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's interest for this to happen  
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show Commercial gardening and fruit farming so named for bartering or the exchange of commodities  
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show Dependence on a single agricultural commodity  
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Pastoralism   show
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Genetically Modified Organisms   show
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Deforestation   show
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Desertification   show
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show Non-subsistence crops such as tobacco, tea, cacao, and coffee.  
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Food Desert   show
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Agglomeration   show
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Blockbusting   show
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Central Business District (CBD)   show
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Centrality   show
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show Explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another  
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City   show
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show The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity  
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Concentric Zone Mode   show
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show Process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the region to switch to a service economy and work through a period of high unemployment  
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Edge Cities   show
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Ethnic neighborhood   show
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Gentrification   show
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show The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by drug lords or gangs.  
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Hinterland   show
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show Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world  
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Primate City   show
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Rank-size rule   show
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show A discriminatory real estate's practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. Today it is officially illegal.  
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show The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting  
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show The external location attributes of a place, its relative location or regional position with reference to other nonlocal places  
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Suburb   show
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Suburbanization   show
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Urban Hierarchy   show
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Urban Morphology   show
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show The proportion of a country's population living in urban places.  
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show The movement of people to and the clustering of people in, towns and cities- a major force in every geographic realm today  
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show When a expanding city absorbs the rural countryside and transforms it into suburbs.  
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show Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy.  
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Zone   show
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Zoning Laws   show
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show A community's collection of basic industries  
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show A section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal or economic pressure  
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Multiple nuclei model   show
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Sector Model   show
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Squatter Settlement   show
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show The minimum number of people needed to support the service  
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show The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service  
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show A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economical factors  
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Barriadas   show
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Cityscapes   show
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show The tendency of people or businesses and industry to locate outside the central city  
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Hydraulic civilization   show
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show New building on empty parcels of land within a checkerboard pattern of development  
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Megacities   show
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show A small social area within a city where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis  
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Office Park   show
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Gated Community   show
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show The spatial arrangement of buildings, roads, towns, and other features that people construct while inhabiting an area  
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Symbolic Landscape   show
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show A region in which the world's first cities evolved  
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show The proportion of a country's population living in cities  
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show The part of a national economy that involves productive labor not subject to formal systems of control or payment  
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show The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural and other economic development  
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show In the United States, a large functionally integrated settlement area comprising of one or more whole county units and usually containing several urbanized areas  
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Peak Value Intersection   show
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Town   show
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show Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate changes as the distance from the Central Business District decreases  
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show The process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group  
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show Cities that arose in societies that fell under the domination of Europe and North America in the early expansion of the capitalist world system  
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Counterurbanization   show
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Employment structure   show
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show Term used for a shanty town in Brazil  
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Female Headed Household   show
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Gateway City   show
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Indigenous City   show
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Inner City   show
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Lateral Commuting   show
🗑
show A residential district that is planned for a certain class of residents  
🗑
Postmodern Urban Landscape   show
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show A shopping center with stores and businesses facing a system of enclosed walkways  
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show Heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor  
🗑
show Rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards  
🗑
Urban Growth Rate   show
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show Metropolitan area which there is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas  
🗑
Forward Capital   show
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show The deliberate killing of a city, as happens, for example, when cities are targeted for destruction during wars.  
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Synekism   show
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Galactic City   show
🗑
show Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate changes as the distance from the Central Business District decreases  
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Acid Rain   show
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Agglomeration   show
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Agglomeration economies   show
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show the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms or damages the natural environment, into the atmosphere  
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show Manufactures of aluminum considered as a group  
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show Social theories about production and related socioeconomic phenomena  
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show a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another  
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show concept by Spykman to describe the maritime fringe of a country or continent, in particular the densely populated western, southern and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent  
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Comparative advantage   show
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show a mechanism by which an output is enhanced  
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Deglomeration   show
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show process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the region to switch to a service economy and to work through a high period of high unemployment  
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Economic sectors   show
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show characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit  
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show tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature  
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show discovered to be hydro, solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, coal, crude oil, natural gas, and ocean wave motion and are used to produce power  
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Entrepot   show
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Export processing zone   show
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Fixed costs   show
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show an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport  
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show refers to the highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan  
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show the blanket like effect of the atmosphere in the heating of the Earth's surface; shortwave insolation passes through the "glass" of the atmospheric "greenhouse" heats the surface is converted to longwave radiation that traps heat which raises the earth's  
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Heartland   show
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show Theory attempting to explain why industries are found to have located in the places they are found  
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Industrial Revolution   show
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Infrastructure   show
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International division of labor   show
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Labor intensive   show
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Least-cost location   show
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Manufacturing exports zones   show
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show Zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the US market, low wage workers in the primarily foreign owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods  
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Multiplier Effect   show
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NAFTA   show
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Outsourcing   show
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show With reference to production, to outsource to a third party located outside the country.  
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Plant location   show
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Postindustrial   show
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show small home based business  
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Special Economic Zones   show
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show Focused on the substitution of a product, service or process to another that is more efficient or beneficial in some way while retaining the same functionality  
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show The maximum distance a customer is willing to travel  
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show The minimum market area size  
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show The social and psychological effects of living in a world in which time space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensity  
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Flexible Production   show
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Friction of Distance   show
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show A multinational corporation(MNC) also called multinational enterprise (MNE) is a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country  
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show Ownership by the same firm of number of companies that exist along a variety of points on a commodity chain.  
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show Costs that change directly with the amount of production  
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show Marketing plans, tactics, and methods that have been modified to fit in with the local settings in foreign markets  
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show The adoption by companies of flexible work rules such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks  
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show When an industry is located near its customers due to high transportation costs of the final product.  
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Weight-losing   show
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show relative gain in weight of production inputs during the production process  
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Growth poles   show
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show Food energy is the amount of energy in food that is available through digestion  
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show Higher wages and prices are found at the core while the lack of employment in the periphery keeps wages low there. The result may well be a balance of payments crisis at the periphery  
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show Is the contact and interaction of one country to another  
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Dependency theory   show
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Foreign Direct Investment   show
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Commodity Chain   show
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show The total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year  
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show Total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals.  
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Human Development Index   show
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Levels of Development   show
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show A policy whereby a major power uses economic and political means to perpetuate or extend its influence over underdeveloped nations or areas  
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Purchasing Power Parity   show
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show The presence in a country of a technology that other countries do not have, so that it can produce and export a good whose cost might otherwise be higher than abroad  
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Technology Transfer   show
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show underdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively  
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Newly Industrializing Countries   show
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show The movement of production from one site to another based on the place-based cost advantages of the new site  
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Gross National Income   show
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show When a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country, or when it abandons its currency and adopts the wealthier country's currency as its own.  
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show Areas along or near major transportation arteries that are devoted to the research, development and sale of high-technology products. These areas develop because of the networking and synergistic advantages of concentrating high-technology enterprises in  
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