Advanced Biology 14
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| Character | An observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals.
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| Trait | One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character.
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| P Generation | The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance.
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| F1 Generation | The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross.
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| F2 Generation | The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation.
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| Allele | Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
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| Dominant Allele | An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
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| Recessive Allele | An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
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| Law of Segregation | Mendel’s first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into different gametes during gamete formation.
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| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
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| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a given gene.
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| Phenotype | The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism.
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| Genotype | The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
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| Monohybrid Cross | A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed (or the self-pollination of a heterozygous plant).
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| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed (or the self-pollination of a plant that is heterozygous for both characters).
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| Law of Independent Assortment | Mendel’s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair during gamete formation.
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| Pedigree | A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols, showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.
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