key terms
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| chromosomes | DNA and protein, consists of a series of genes
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| genes | Part of a chromosome that controls the development of a particular characteristic
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| DNA | What chromosomes are made of
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| alleles | Alternative format of the same gene
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| dominant allele | Allele that will show even when paired with a recessive allele
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| recessive allele | Allele that is only shown when no dominant allele is present
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| homozygous | The same alleles in a genetic pair
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| heterozygous | Different alleles in a genetic pair
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| Punnett square | The grid used to show Monohybrid inheritance
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| Clone | An individual that is genetically identical to its parent
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| Diploid | A cell that contains two copies (pairs) of each chromosome
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| Ethics | The study of right and wrong and what people should and should not be allowed to do
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| Gametes | Sex cells: sperm and eggs
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| Genetic engineering | Technology involving moving genes from one organism to another, within or between species
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| Genotype | Genetic identity of an organism
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| Haploid | A cell containing one copy of chromosomes
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| Infertility | The inability to reproduce
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| Inheritance | The passing on of features through reproduction
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| In Vitro Fertilisation | Technique to fertilise an egg in artificial conditions outside the female's body
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| Meiosis | The type of division in a cell's nucleus that produces gametes (Sex cells)
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| Mitosis | Type of division in a cell's nucleus that produces new diploid cells for growth or to replace damaged cells
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| Monohybrid inheritance | Genetic inheritance of one characteristic eg eye colour
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| Mutation | A spontaneous change in the genetic material of a cell
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| Nucleus | Part of the cell that contains the chromosomes
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| Ovum | An egg cell
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| Phenotype | The physical expression of the genes an individual possesses eg brown eyes
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| Transgenic | An organism whose genome has received a gene/genes from another organism
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| Variation | The differences between organisms of the same species
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| Carrier | An individual who carries a 'faulty' allele but does not suffer from the condition caused by the faulty allele
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| Genome | All the genetic material of an organism
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| Human Genome Project | International project that set out to establish the sequence of all the bases in the genes of all 23 pairs of human chromosomes
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| Speciation | The process of evolution by which new species are formed
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