Food Micro Midterm 2
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| What are the top five pathogens which contribute to foodborne illness? | Norovirus, Salmonella, C. perfringens, Campylobacter spp, S. aureus
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| What are the three categories of foodborne pathogens? | Infection, intoxication, toxico-infection
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| What are the oxygen requirements for S. aureus? | Facultative anaerobe
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| What conditions can S. aureus grow in? | Low aw, low pH, high salt
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| T or F: S. aureus are generally poor competitors in food. | True
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| What are the food sources of S. aureus? | High salt foods, meats
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| S. aureus disease acts via _____. | intoxication
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| What is the pathway for S. aureus disease? | Toxins are stable in the GI tract and indirectly stimulate the emetic reflux center.
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| _____ methods are commonly used to detect S. aureus. | ELISA
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| T or F: If enterotoxins in a food are heated enough, they will be killed and will not pose a health risk. | False
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| What are the oxygen requirements for Listeria? | Facultative anaerobe
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| The growth of Listeria is inhibited at pH ____. | <5.5
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| What are the food sources for Listeria? | Dairy products, frozen meats, RTE meals
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| How does Listeria act in the body? | Crosses the intestinal lining, internalized by phagocytes and multiplies intracellularly in the host.
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| What are the oxygen requirements for streptococcus? | Microaerophile
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| What is the source of streptococcus? | Foods contaminated by those with the disease.
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| What are the oxygen requirements of M. bovis? | Aerobe
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| M. bovis lacks a _____ _____. | cell membrane
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| M. bovis has a ____-rich cell wall, making it highly resistant to disinfectants and detergents. | lipid
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| What are food sources of M. bovis? | Dairy and meat products.
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| T or F: M. bovis illness can last for years. | True
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| M. bovis can be isolated from ____ ____. | lymph nodes
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| What are the oxygen requirements of Enterococcus? | Facultative anaerobes
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| What are food sources of Enterococcus? | Sausage, dairy products
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| What causes Enterococcus contamination? | Processing of food/unsanitary food preparation.
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| Enterococcus is often grown on ____ media. | blood
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| What are the oxygen requirements for Salmonella? | Facultative anaerobe
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| Over 99% of human disease causing Salmonella is due to Salmonella _____ subspecies. | enterica
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| T or F: Nontyphoidal Salmonella has more severe symptoms than Typhoidal Salmonella. | False
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| The presence of Salmonella indicates ____ contamination. | fecal
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| What are the oxygen requirements for C. jejuni? | Microaerophile
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| T or F: C. jejuni survives poorly at room temperature. | True
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| What are food sources of C. jejuni? | Poultry, raw milk and cheese, contaminated water.
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| C. jejuni can cause ____ syndrome, leading to paralysis. | Guillain-Barre
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| What are the oxygen requirements for Yersinia? | Facultative anaerobe
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| Yersinia is particularly of concern in _____ foods. | frozen
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| T or F: Yersinia is more common in adults than children. | False
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| ____ can survive under vacuum and MAP. | Shigella
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| _____ are the only host for Shigella, and are found in their feces. | Humans
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| _____ do not need to grow in food to cause disease, a small contamination is enough. | Shigella
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| _____ are resistant to extremely harsh conditions although not a spore. | C. burnetii
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| _____ is the target organism for determining milk pasteurization conditions. | C. burnetii
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| T or F: C. burnetii must be propogated with live tissue. | True
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| Cronobacter can survive ____ ____ for long periods of time. | low moisture
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| _____ is often associated with infant formula and infants. | Cronobacter
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| ____ _____ stimulates Vibrio growth. | Sodium chloride
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| Vibrio is common in ____ environments. | aquatic
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| What are food sources of vibrio? | seafood
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| Vibrio _____ is the most serious in the US. | vulnificus
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| What is the biological pathway of vibrio? | Pore-forming toxin lyses RBCs and can attack intestinal cells.
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| What are the oxygen requirements for E. coli? | Facultative anaerobe
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| T or F: E. coli cannot survive stomach conditions. | False
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| T or F: Most strains of E.coli are harmless. | True
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| What is the biological pathway of E. coli? | Cells adhere to epithelial cells, cause lesions, produce Shiga-like toxins.
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| _____ E. coli is most common. | STEC
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