Vital Signs
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| vital signs | body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure; pain is now being considered the 5th VS
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| body temp | refects the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost from the body, and is measured in degrees
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| core temperature | the temp of the deep tissues of the body, such as the abd cavity
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| surface temperature | the temp of the skin, subq tissue, and fat
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| heat balance | when the amount of heat produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost
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| basal metabolic rate | the rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing
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| chemical termogenesis | the stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular metabolism
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| radiation | the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between them; mostly in the form of infrared rays
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| conduction | the transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temp
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| covention | the dispersion of heat by air currents
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| vaporization | continuous evaporation of moisture from the resp trach and from the mucosa of the mouth and from the skin
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| insensible water loss | continuous, unnoticed water loss; ie from the mouth and skin, sweating
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| insensible heat loss | heat loss from insensible water loss
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| pyrexia | body temp above the normal range
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| hyperprexia | very high fever; above 41 C or 105.8 F
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| febrile | patient with a fever
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| afebrile | patient without a fever
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| intermittent fever | body temp alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temps
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| remittent fever | a wide range of temp fluctuations that occur over a 24-h period
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| relapsing fever | short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 101 days of normal temps
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| constant fever | the body temperatures fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal
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| heat exhaustion | is a result of excessive heat and dehydration
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| hypothermia | a core body temp below the lower limit of normal
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| pulse | a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
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| compliance | the arteries ability to contract and expand
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| cardiac output | SV x HRthe volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart
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| peripheral pulse | located away from the heart
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| apical pulse | central, located at the apex of the heart
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| tachycardia | excessively fast HR; >100 in an adult
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| bradycardia | slow HR; <60 in an adult
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| pulse rythym | the pattern of beats and the intervals between the beats
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| pulse volume | the force of blood with each beat
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| elasticity of the arterial wall | reflects its expansiblity or its deformities
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| apical-radial pulse | assesses for difference in the apical pulse and radial pulse
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| pulse deficit | discrepancy between apical pulse and radical pulse; urgent
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| respiration | act of breathing
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| inhalation | intake of air into the lungs
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| exhalation | breathing out
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| ventilation | refers to of air in and out of the lungs
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| costal breathing | involves the external intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles
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| diaphragmatic | involves the contraction and relaxtion of the diaphragm and is observed by the movement of the abdomen
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| bradypnea | abnormally slow respirations
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| tachypnea | abnormally fast respirations
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| apnea | absence of breathing
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| tidal volume | the volume that fills up the lungs
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| hyperventilation | very deep, rapid resps
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| hypoventilation | very shallow resps
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| respiratory rhythm | the regularity of the expiration and the insprirations
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| respiratory quality | those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing
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| arterial blood pressure | measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries
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| systolic pressure | the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of ventricles, that is, the pressure when the ventricles are at rest
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| diastolic pressure | the pressure when the ventricles are at rest
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| pulse pressure | difference between the diastolic and systolic pressures
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| arteriosclerosis | when the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue, the arteries lose much of their ability to constrict and dilate
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| vicous | thick; proportion of red blood cells to the blood plasma is high
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| hypertension | BP presistently above normal
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| hypotension | BP that is below normal
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| Orthostatic hypotension | BP that falls when the client sits or stands
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| ascultatory gap | the temporary disappearance f sounds normally heard over the bracial artery when the cuff pressure is high followed by the reapperance of the sounds at a lower level
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