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Rubenstein APHG Chapter 9 & 11 Vocab

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Term
Definition
show Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat plate collectors.  
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Adolescent fertility rate   show
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show Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.  
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Breeder reactor   show
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Demand   show
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Developed country (more developed country [MDC])   show
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Developing country (less developed country [LDC])   show
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show A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.  
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show Trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organization, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.  
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show The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home.  
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Fission   show
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Foreign direct investment (FDI)   show
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Fossil fuel   show
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show The pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas.  
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show Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.  
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Gender Inequality Index (GII)   show
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Geothermal energy   show
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show The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year).  
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show The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country.  
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Housing bubble   show
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show An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.  
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show Power generated from moving water.  
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show Modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country.  
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Literacy rate   show
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Maternal mortality ratio   show
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Microfinance   show
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show Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015.  
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Nonrenewable energy   show
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Passive solar energy systems   show
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show A solar energy cell, usually made from silicon, that collects solar rays to generate electricity.  
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show The amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.  
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Primary sector   show
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show The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.  
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Proven reserve   show
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Purchasing power parity (PPP)   show
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show Materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation; contact with such particles may be harmful or lethal to people; therefore, materials must be safely stored for thousands of years.  
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show A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.  
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show The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.  
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show Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade (raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, etc.)  
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show The quantity of something that producers have available for sale.  
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Tertiary sector   show
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show Development of core regions at the expense of those on the periphery.  
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show The gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.  
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show Sulfur and nitrogen oxides that enter the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and mix into sulfuric and nitric acid and come back to Earth's surface.  
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show Sulfur and nitrogen oxides turn to acids and come down to earth as rain, snow, or fog.  
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Air Pollution   show
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show Article of clothing.  
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand   show
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show Location where transfer of one mode of transport to another takes place.  
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Bulk-gaining industry   show
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show Industry where final product has less volume than inputs.  
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Chlorofluorocarbon   show
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Cottage industry   show
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Ferrous   show
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Fordist Production   show
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Greenhouse Effect   show
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show Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed manufacturing.  
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show Shipment of parts to a factory moments before they are needed.  
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Labor-intensive industry   show
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Maquiladora   show
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New International Division of Labor   show
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Nonferrous   show
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show Pollution that starts from a large area.  
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show Decision by corporation to move production to independent suppliers.  
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show Gas that absorbs ultraviolet radiation, found in the stratosphere above Earth's surface.  
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show Atmospheric condition formed through pollution and weather, comes from vehicle emissions.  
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show Pollution that enters body of water from a specific source.  
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Right-to-work Law   show
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show Place to deposit solid waste, where earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions.  
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