Hematology
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Disorders of erythrocytes (RBCs), platelets,leukocytes (WBCs),coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pallor
↓ Hemoglobin
↓ Blood flow to the skin
Jaundice
↑ Concentration of serum bilirubin
Pruritus
↑ Serum and skin bile salt concentrations
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Fatigability
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Orthostatic hypotension
MI
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inability to concentrate
Vertigo
Irritability
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anorexia
Abdominal pain
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mild = Hb 10 to 14 g/dl
May exist without symptoms
Possible symptoms
Palpitations, dyspnea, diaphoresis
Moderate = Hb 6 to 10 g/dl
Increased cardiopulmonary symptoms
Experienced at rest or during activity
🗑
|
||||
| Diagnostic findings | show 🗑
|
||||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inadequate dietary intake
5% to 10% of ingested iron is absorbed
Malabsorption
Blood loss
Hemolysis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Laboratory findings
Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, reticulocytes, serum iron, TIBC, bilirubin, platelets
Stool guaiac test
Endoscopy
Colonoscopy
🗑
|
||||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia Nursing Management | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Classification
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| Cobalamin Deficiency Etiology | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cobalamin Deficiency Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cobalamin Deficiency Diagnostic Studies | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cobalamin Deficiency Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Familial disposition
Early detection and treatment can lead to reversal of symptoms
Ensure that injuries are not sustained because of the patient’s diminished sensations to heat and pain
🗑
|
||||
| Folic Acid Deficiency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Insidious onset
Absence of neurologic problems
Treated by replacement therapy
Encourage patient to eat foods with large amounts of folic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia of Chronic Disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ↑ Serum ferritin
↑ Iron stores
Normal folate and cobalamin levels
Treating underlying cause is best
Rarely blood transfusions
Erythropoietin therapy
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic Blood Loss | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Identify source
Stop bleeding
Possible use of supplemental iron
🗑
|
||||
| Acute Blood Loss | show 🗑
|
||||
| Acute Blood Loss Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Laboratory data do not adequately assess RBC problems for 2 to 3 days
🗑
|
||||
| show | Replacing blood volume to prevent shock
Identifying the source of the hemorrhage
Stopping blood loss
Correcting RBC loss
🗑
|
||||
| Aplastic Anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Aplastic Anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Symptoms of anemia
Infection
Purpura
Lymphadenopathies
Splenomegaly
Retinal hemorrhages
🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased RBCs, WBCs and platelets
Decreased reticulocyte count (immature RBCs)
Bone marrow examination
Decrease activity of bone marrow/no cell activity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Remove the cause
Treat symptoms
Transfusions
RBCs
Platelets
Bone marrow transplant/peripheral stem cell transplant
🗑
|
||||
| show | Activity intolerance
Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
Potential complication: Hypoxemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Goals
Maintain adequate oxygenation
Assume normal activities of daily living
Maintain adequate nutrition
Develop no complications related to anemia
Monitor labs
Monitor oxygenation status
Monitor for signs of bleeding
Pace activities to avoid fati
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia Nursing Implementation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Excessive production of RBCs as well as platelets and leukocytes
Increased blood viscosity
Congestion of blood in tissues
Liver
Spleen
Evolves to Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
🗑
|
||||
| Polycythemia Clinical manifestations | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased RBCs
Increased Hgb & Hct
Increased uric acid levels (due to increased RBC destruction)
🗑
|
||||
| Polycythemia Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pain management
Monitor for organ failure
Monitor for altered nutrition (less than body requirements)
Monitor for complications post phlebotomy
Orthostatic hypotension
Tachycardia
Decreased LOC
Chest pain
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reduction of platelets below 150,000/ul
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Most common acquired form
Autoimmune – platelets destroyed in the spleen
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Uncommon
Cause: unknown
🗑
|
||||
| show |
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia an Thrombosis Syndrome (HITTS)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Epistaxis(nose bleed)
Gingival bleeding
Petechiae
Purpura
Ecchymosis
Internal bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia Complications | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Stop bleeding
Replace coagulation factors
Blood & blood product transfusion
Plasmaphoresis
Treat underlying cause
Splenectomy
Medications
Corticosteriods
Imuran
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia Safety | show 🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia Safety | show 🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia Nursing Management | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nutrition
Promote erythropoiesis –
Folic acid, B12 - RBC maturation
Iron, B6 - Hgb synthesis
Vitamin C - converts folic acid to active form, Fe absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Focus Assessment/Complications Cardiovascular | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Integument: petechiae/ecchymosis
Hematological: prolonged bleeding w/ invasive procedures; occult blood
Gastrointestinal: splenomegaly; abdominal pain & distention
Neuro: CVA - cerebral bleed; retinal bleed
Musculoskeletal: hemarthrosis
🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Etiology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Low WBC
Low grade fever
🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Complication | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Diagnostic Findings | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Nursing Management Fluids & Electrolytes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Nursing Management Nutrition | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Nursing Management Safety | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neutropenia Nursing Management Discharge teaching | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia Etiology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Relate to problems caused by
Bone marrow failure
Overcrowding by abnormal cells
Inadequate production of normal marrow elements
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia Diagnostic Studies | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Eliminate leukemic cells from patient’s body
Replaced with those of an HLA-matched
Sibling
Volunteer
Identical twin
Patient’s own stem cells removed before
🗑
|
||||
| show | Assess for signs and symptoms of disease progression,infection,bleeding,Provide nutrition,Prevent fatigue,Promote safety
Observe for side effects of tx
🗑
|
||||
| show | Patient empowered by knowledge of the disease& tx can have a more positive outlook& improved quality of life
Nurses face special challenges when meeting the intense psychosocial needs of a patient with leukemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary coagulation disorder
Sex-linked recessive disorder
Von Willebrand’s disease
Hemophilia A (most common)
Hemophilia B
🗑
|
||||
| show | Assays for factors VIII, IX and vWF
PTT is prolonged due to the intrinsic pathway problem
Normal platelets and PT
🗑
|
||||
| show | Persistent and prolonged bleeding from injuries
Delay of onset of bleeding
Subcutaneous echymosis and subcutaneous hematomas
Gingival bleeding
GI bleeding
Hematuria
Hemarthrosis
🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia Collaborative Care | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia Nursing Management | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Imbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation
Caused by sepsis, anoxia, burns, multiple trauma, amniotic fluid embolus, snake bites, metabolic acidosis, hypotension
80% mortality rate
Net effect is hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| DIC Diagnostic Findings | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Related to the cause
Purpura
Ecchymoses
Bleeding from various sites with pain and clinical manifestations associated with bleeding
Hypotension
Shock
Death
🗑
|
||||
| show | Treat cause
Symptom management
Administer blood products
Replace clotting factors
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Cryoprecipitate
🗑
|
||||
| show | Assess for hemorrhage
Implement bleeding precautions
Monitor for signs of fluid overload (transfusions)
Assess for signs of renal failure
Assess for signs of respiratory failure
Supportive care
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Phagocytosis
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
LauraHall
Popular Nursing sets