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Sanskrit Glossary Terms - Online PSM Teacher Training

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Term
Definition
Gyana   Yoga of understanding / knowledge / science / self-reflection  
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Bhakti   Yoga of love and devotion  
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Karma   Yoga of action / selfless service  
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Raja   Yoga of techniques / meditation / royal path  
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Three Gunas   That which binds / fundamental quality or property  
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Sattva   Creation / purity / goodness  
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Rajas   Maintenance / transformation / active / excited  
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Tamas   Dissolution / resistance / heavy / dull  
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Yama   Rules of social behavior  
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Niyama   Rules of personal behavior  
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Asana   Seat or position / physical postures / yogic postures  
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Pranayama   Mastering the life force / breath exercises  
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Pratyahara   Directing the senses inward to become aware of the subtle senses  
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Dharana   Mastery of attention and intention  
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Dhyana   Development of witnessing awareness  
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Samadhi   The state of being settled in pure, unbounded awareness  
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Ahimsa   Non-violence  
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Satya   Truthfulness  
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Brahmacharya   Appropriate sexual control  
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Asteya   Honesty  
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Aparigraha   Non-attachment  
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Shoucha   Purity  
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Santosha   Contentment  
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Tapas   Discipline  
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Svadhyaya   Spiritual exploration  
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Ishwara-Pranidhana   Surrender to the divine  
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Chakras   Junction points between consciousness and the body / Energy wheel or center  
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Muladhara   Root chakra  
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Svadhisthana   Creativity chakra  
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Manipura   Energy chakra  
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Anahata   Heart chakra  
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Vishuddha   Expression chakra  
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Ajna   Intuition chakra  
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Sahasrara   Consciousness chakra  
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Mahavakyas   Great sayings or pronouncement. Spoken by a Guru, to create a shift in consciousness of the student  
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Aham Brahmasmi   I am Brahman (Who I really am is absolute reality)  
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Ayam Atma Brahm   Atman and Brahman are the same (the individual Self is one and the same with the absolute)  
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Prajnanam Brahm   Brahman is the supreme knowledge (knowing the absolute reality is the supreme knowledge)  
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Tat Tvam Asi   That is what you are (that absolute reality is the essence of what you really are)  
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Nadi   Subtle channel through which energy flows to all areas of the body. According to Ayurveda, we each have 72,000 nadis of which there are three main ones  
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Sushumna Nadi   Runs through center of spine, channel through which Kundalini rises  
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Pingala (Surya) Nadi   Sun channel, lies to the right of the Sushumna, carries the vital force  
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Ida (Chandra) Nadi   Moon channel, lies to the left of the Sushumna, carries the mental force  
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Annamaya Kosha   Layer of illusion derived from food  
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Pranamaya Kosha   Layer of illusion of biological energy  
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Manomaya Kosha   Layer of illusion of the mind  
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Buddhimaya Kosha   Layer of illusion of the intellect  
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Ahankara   Ego  
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Brahman   Divine Spirit / pure consciousness / beyond space and time without beginning or without end  
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Jagrat   Waking  
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Swapn   Dreaming  
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Sushupti   Deep sleep  
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Turiya   Transcendental  
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Turiyatit   Cosmic Consciousness  
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Bhagavad   Divine Consciousness  
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Brahmananda   Unified Consciousness  
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Karma   Action, consequences of previous actions  
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Sanskara   Seeds of memory, impressions of tendencies stored from past actions  
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Vasana   Seeds of desire  
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Nistraigunyo bhavarjuna   "Go beyond the three gunas, Arjuna"  
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Sat Chit Ananda   Purity Consciousness Bliss  
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Om Tat Sat   That alone is Real  
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Yogastha Kuru Karmani   "Established in Being, perform action" - this is the essence of the teachings in the Bhagavad Gita  
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Yoga Chitta Vritti Nirodha   "Yoga is quieting the fluctuations or the mind"  
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Advaita   Non-dualism  
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Adi   First  
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Adi Shankara   Great saint from the 7th century, commentator of Vedanta. Led revival of Hinduism and established the Shankaracharya monasteries  
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Agni   Fire, digestive fire, one of the ancient Vedic deities  
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Amma   Mother, mother goddess  
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Amrit   Nectar of immortality  
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Ananda   Bliss  
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Ashram   Retreat center, hermitage  
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Atman   Soul  
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Aura   Luminous radiation, field of subtle energy surrounding the physical body  
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Avatar   Direct incarnation of God  
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Ayurveda   Science of life, mind-body health systems  
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Bandha   To hold, lock or embrace  
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Bhagavad Gita   Epic poem of eighteen chapters  
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Bhajan   Devotional hymn  
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Bija   Seed  
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Bindu   Spot, symbol for the universe in its unmanifest form  
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Brahma   The Creator of the Universe  
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Brahman   The Absolute, totality, all there is  
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Brahmin   Highest of the Indian castes  
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Chaitanya   Consciousness  
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Deva / Devi   God / Goddess  
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Dharma   Purpose in life  
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Darshan   To see or be in the presence of a holy person or deity  
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Guru   Dispeller of darkness, great teacher  
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Jai   Salutation, glory or victory to. Proceeds the name of the person being honored  
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Japa   Repetition of a mantra for a specific number of times  
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Ji   Suffix, added to the end of the name of a person being honored or respected  
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Jiva   Personal soul, the embodied soul which identifies itself with the mind and body  
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Jyoti   Light  
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Jyotish   Vedic science of astrology  
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Kundalini   Spiritual energy lying dormant at the base of the spine which, when awakened, rises to the crown chakra  
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Lingam   Elliptical shape, symbol of the unmanifest form of Lord Shiva  
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Loka   Planes or worlds of existence vibrating at different frequencies  
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Maha   Great  
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Mahabhutas   Great elements  
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Mala   String of beads  
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Mantra   Instrument or vehicle of the mind, sound which protects and liberates  
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Maya   Illusion of the senses  
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Moksha   Freedom, liberation  
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Mudras   Positions of the eyes, hands, or body  
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Nada   Sound, energy manifested as sound  
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Nakshatra   Lunar constellations  
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Nama   Name  
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Namaha   Represents the self, curving back within itself to the unmanifest  
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Namaste   I bow to you - or - the divine light in me honors the divine light in you  
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Om (AUM)   Primordial sound from which all other sounds and mantras have emanated  
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Pada   Quadrant of the Nakshatra  
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Para   Beyond, the transcendental beyond which there is no other  
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Patanjali   Great saint, founder of the Yoga Philosophy which contains the Eight Limbs of Yoga  
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Prana   Life force of vital energy  
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Pranava   Primordial Sound  
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Prem   Love  
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Puja   Sacred ceremony  
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Pundit   Vedic Scholar / Vedic Priest  
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Purusha   Inner Self in the sense of personhood, Cosmic Person or the universe as a single Being  
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Rishi   Seer, one who sees the Truth, highly evolved person  
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Rudraksha   Seeds used for malas, sacred to Shiva  
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Sadhana   Performance of spiritual disciplines to take the practitioner towards an intended goal, usually enlightenment  
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Samsara   Cycle of birth and death  
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Sanskrit   The ancient sacred language of the Vedas  
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Satsang   Gathering of people seeking truth  
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Seva   Selfless service  
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Shakti   Dynamic creative principle, Primal Energy, envisioned as feminine  
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Shanti   Peace  
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Shiva   Unmanifest pure potentiality, the destructive and creative force behind the Universe. The first yogi  
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Siddhi   Yogic powers  
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Sutras   Threads or stitches, collection of statements with inner meanings  
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Swami   Title of respect for a learned or holy person  
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Tulsi   Indian Holy Basil tree. The wood is made into mala beads sacred to Vishnu, Rama and Krishna  
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Upanishads   Collection of 108 Vedic texts exploring higher states of consciousness  
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Vastu   Vedic science of architecture and interior design  
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Vedanta   The culmination of Vedic Wisdom  
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Vedas   The four holy books which are the foundation of Vedic understanding. Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda  
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Vedasya   Of the Vedas  
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Vishnu   Maintainer and harmonizing force of the Universe  
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Yagna (Yagya)   Ritual fire ceremony intended to evoke specific archetypal energies  
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Yantra   Geometric shape / a visual form of a mantra  
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Yatra   Pilgrimage  
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Yoga   Union of the environment, body, mind, soul, and spirit  
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Yuga   Four periods of time: Sat (golden), Treta, Dwapara, Kali (least evolved and present period)  
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Ama   Toxic residue which accumulates in the mind and body  
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Abhyanga   Oil massage  
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Dosha   Mind body constitution  
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Vata   Dosha responsible for movement (elements - space and air)  
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Pitta   Dosha responsible for metabolism, transformation (elements - fire and water)  
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Kapha   Dosha responsible for structure (elements - earth and water)  
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Prakruti   Nature or original doshic proportions  
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Vrikruti   Doshic imbalance  
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Dhatu   Bodily tissues  
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Mahabhutas   Great elements  
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Akasha   Space  
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Vayu   Air  
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Jala   Water  
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Prithivi   Earth  
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Marma   Junction points between consciousness and matter on the body  
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Panchakarma   The five purifying therapies  
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Ojas   Subtlest life essence, which exists at the junction of consciousness and matter, giving strength and vitality  
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Madhura   Sweet  
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Amla   Sour  
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Lavana   Salty  
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Tikta   Bitter  
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Kashya   Astringent  
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Katu   Pungent  
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Srota   Channel of circulation in the body  
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Tanmatras   Subtle elements, sense perceptions  
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Shabda   Sound  
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Sparsha   Touch  
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Rupa   Sight  
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Rasa   Taste  
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Gandha   Smell  
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Five Kleshas   Veils or coverings  
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Avidya   Mistaking the unreal for the real or ignorance  
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Asmita   Holding tightly to the concept of "I"  
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Raga   Attraction to pleasure  
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Dvesha   Aversion to pain  
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Abhinevesha   Fear of ending  
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Atman Darshan   Glimpsing the soul  
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