Taxonomy Vocabulary
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| Binomial Nomenclature | The system of naming organisms scientifically, developed by Carolus Linnaeus; consists of the genus and species names.
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| Kingdom | The highest level of taxonomic classification beneath that of the three domains.
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| Phylum | The taxonomic level below kingdom and above class.
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| Class | The taxonomic level below phylum and above order.
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| Order | The taxonomic level below class and above family.
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| Family | The taxonomic level below order and above genus.
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| Genus | The taxonomic below the family and above the species; the first part of the binomial nomenclature.
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| Species | A group of organisms that can interbreed to generate fertile offspring.
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| Cladogram | A branching diagram representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary descent of groups of organisms from a common. ancestor.
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| Dichotomous Key | A tool used to classify an organism through a series of questions with only two possible answers.
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| Ancestry (Ancestries) | The lineage of successive parents and offspring that leads to an organism or species.
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| Cladistics | A classification system based on shared characteristics between groups of organisms and their common ancestor.
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| Unicellular | Composed of a single cell.
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| Multicellular | Composed of more than one cell
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| Heterotrophic (heterotroph) | An organism that must consume other organisms for energy.
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| Autotrophic (autotroph) | An organism that obtains its energy from an abiotic sourse such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals.
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| Chemotrophic (chemotroph) | An organism that can produce its own nourishment through the process of oxidizing inorganic compounds.
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| Eukaryoutic Cell | A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
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| Prokaryotic Cell | A cell lacking a nucleus or any other membrane-enclosed organelle.
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| Sexual Reproduction | The reproductive process involving two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves.
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| Asexual Reproduction | A method of reproduction that requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent.
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| Phylogeny | The evolutionary development of a species.
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| Carolus Linnaeus | an 18th century scientist who focused his studies on plants. Known as the "Father of Taxonomy"
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| Taxonomy | s systematic process of classifying living organisms into different groups based on their physical traits and genetic relationships
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| What is are the levels of classification from broadest to most specific? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| Organisms are most often referred to using their _______ and ______. This is called ________ _________. | Organisms are most often referred to using their genus and species. This is called binomial nomenclature.
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| The genus is __________, while the species is _____________. | The genus is capitalized, while the species is lowercase.
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| Binomial nomenclature are written is what font? | Italics
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| Taxonomists | The scientists who study taxonomy and use the classification system to identify and name organisms.
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| What are the three domains? | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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| Domain Bacteria | The domain that is mainly made up of unicellular prokaryotes.
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| Bacterial Traits | -can be found almost everywhere on Earth
-diverse
-some need a host, while others don't
-some use oxygen, others don't
-photosynthetic
-some can cause infections
-beneficial
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| Domain Archaea | The domain that is mainly made of unicellular prokaryotes. But these prokaryotes have cell walls that differ from Bacteria by composition.
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| Archaea Trait | -can live almost everywhere, in extreme temperatures
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| Domain Eukarya | The domain that contains eukaryotic organisms, mostly multicellular, but not all. Are very diverse
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| What are the Four Kingdoms of Eukarya? | Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
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| Protista | Ancient and unique eukaryotes, with many being unicellular. Some are photosynthetic.
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| Plantae | The Kingdom that contains plants, or autotrophs.
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| Fungi | The Kingdom that contains, Fungi. Some are multicellular, while others are unicellular. They are heterotophs.
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| Hyphae | A filament that fungi grow that helps differentiate them from plants.
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| Animalia | The Kingdom that contains animals. It is very diverse, but all the organisms in it are multicellular. They have all been motile in a part of their lives.
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| sessile | immobile or fixed in one place
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| setae | hair like bristles used for movement
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| Cladogram | a branched diagram resembling a tree that shows the evolutionary relationship among organisms.
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| nodes | places where a lineage branches off in a cladogram.
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