Ch 14: Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology
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| ACUTE | A disease in which symptoms develop rapidly but last for only a short time
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| CHRONIC | An illness that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods.
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| Amensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont is harmed while the second is neither harmed nor benefited.
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| Biological vectors | These organisms not only transmit pathogens but also serve as hosts for the multiplication of a pathogen during some stage of its life cycle
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| COMMENSALISM | A symbiotic relationship in which two organisms live in association and one is benefited while the other is neither benefited or harmed.
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| COMMUNICABLE DISEASE | Any disease that can be spread from one host to another
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| CONTACT TRANSMISSION | The spread of disease by direct or indirect contact or via droplets
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| CONTAGIOUS DISEASE | A disease that is easily spread from one person to another.
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| Direct contact | Transmission of infectious disease involving person-to-person spread by bodily contact.
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| DISEASE | Any change from a state of health.
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| Droplet | A type of contact transmission where pathogens can be transmitted during exhalation, sneezing, and coughing and travel less than 1 meter.
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| ENDEMIC | A disease that is constantly present in a certain population
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| endogenous | A HAI derived from normal microbiota that become opportunistic while the patient is in the health care setting
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| EPIDEMIC | A disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time.
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| ETIOLOGY | The study of the cause of a disease.
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| exogenous | A HAI acquired from the health care environment, such as in air-conditioning systems or on bedrails
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| Fomites | Inanimate objects inadvertently used to transfer pathogens
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| iatrogenic | A HAI induced by treatment or medical procedures, such as surgery
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| INCIDENCE | The fraction of the population that contracts a disease during a particular period of time.
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| incubation period | The time between an infection and occurrence of the first symptoms.
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| Indirect contact | Transmission that occurs when pathogens are spread from one host to another via fomites
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| INFECTION | The invasion or growth of microorganisms in the body.
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| LATENT | A disease characterized by a period of no symptoms when the pathogen is inactive.
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| Mechanical vectors | These organisms are not required as hosts by the pathogens they transmit
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| morbidity | An injury sufficient to interfere with normal functioning of the body, or any change from a state of health.
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| MUTUALISM | A type of symbiosis in which both organisms or populations are benefited.
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| NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE | A disease that is not transmitted from one person to another.
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| NOSOCOMIAL | An infection that develops during the course of a hospital stay and was not present at the time the patient was admitted.
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| OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS | A microorganisms that does not ordinarily cause a disease but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances.
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| PANDEMIC | An epidemic that occurs worldwide.
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| PARASITISM | An organism that exploits a host without providing any benefit in return.
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| Parenteral route | A means by which portals of entry can be circumvented.
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| PATHOGEN | A disease-causing organism.
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| PATHOGENESIS | The manner in which a disease develops.
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| PATHOGENICITY | The ability of a microorganism to cause disease by overcoming the defenses of a host.
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| PATHOLOGY | The scientific study of disease.
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| PORTAL OF ENTRY | Avenue by which a pathogen gains access to the body.
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| PORTAL OF EXIT | Route by which a pathogen leaves the body.
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| PREDISPOSING FACTOR | Anything that makes the body more susceptible to a disease or alters the course of a disease.
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| PREVALENCE | The fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time.
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| prodromal period | Short time preceding illness of generalized, mild symptoms, such as malaise.
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| Resident | Microbiota present on/in the body from birth to death.
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| SIGN | A change due to a disease that a person can observe and measure.
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| SPORADIC | A disease that occurs occasionally in a population.
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| SUBACUTE | A disease with symptoms that are intermediate between acute and chronic.
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| SYMPTOM | A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease.
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| SYNDOME | A specific group of signs or symptoms that accompany a disease.
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| Transient | Microbiota living in or on the body for a limited time before disappearing.
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| VEHICLE | Transmission of a disease by an inanimate reservoir.
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| Zoonosis | Diseases that spread naturally from animals to humans
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