Important Terms throughout the Civil War
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| Crittenden Compromise | An unsuccessful proposal to permanently enshrine slavery in the United States Constitution.
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| Robert E Lee | An American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until its surrender in 1865.
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| Battle of Gettysburg | The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.
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| Gettysburg Address | The Gettysburg Address is a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg.
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| Election of 1860 | In the 1860 United States presidential election was the nineteenth quadrennial presidential election to select the President and Vice President of the United States.
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| Election of 1864 | In the midst of the American Civil War, incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily defeated the Democratic nominee, former General George B.
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| Border States | The border states during the Civil War were the slave states that didn't leave the Union. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. West Virginia, which separated from Virginia during the war, was also considered a border state.
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| Fort Sumter | The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia, and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army, that started the American Civil War.
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| Copperheads | Copperheads, also known as Peace Democrats, were a faction of Democrats in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.
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| Ulysses S Grant | Ulysses S. Grant was the most acclaimed Union general during the American Civil War and was twice elected President. Grant began his military career as a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839.
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| Battle of Bull Run | The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory.
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| Army of the West | The Army of the West, also known as the Trans-Mississippi District, was a formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War that was a part of the Army of Mississippi.
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| General McClellan | George Brinton McClellan was an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician.
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| Emancipation Proclamation | President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war.
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| Battle of Mill Springs | The Battle of Mill Springs, also known as the Battle of Fishing Creek in Confederate terminology, and the Battle of Logan's Cross Roads in Union terminology, was fought in Wayne and Pulaski counties, near current Nancy, Kentucky, on January 19, 1862.
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| Secession | Secession of Southern States led to the establishment of the Confederacy and ultimately the Civil War.
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| Sherman's March to the Sea | Sherman's March to the Sea was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864.
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| Carpetbaggers | carpetbagger was a derogatory term applied by former Confederates to any person from the Northern United States who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War.
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| Scalawags | scalawags were white Southerners who supported Reconstruction after the American Civil War.
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| 13th Amendment | abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
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| 14th Amendment | No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.
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| 15th Amendment | Prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
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| Freedmen's Bureau | Help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
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| Sharecropping | Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
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| Force Acts | They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans’ right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws.
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| Black Codes | Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War.
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| Radical Republicans | The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877.
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