Signs and Symptoms

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TERM

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

CARE

COPD (Upper)

Fever, wheezing, hypoxic drive in pts Cough green dark sputum -includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and black lung

high o2, CPAP High oxygen levels from oxygen administration (in conjunction to hypoxic drive) signal COPD patient to reduce or stop breathing→ respiratory arrest. If at risk for heart attack or stroke, is developing shock or respiratory distress → higher

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Chronic bronchitis

wheezing, Rhonchi, hypoxic drive in pts

CPAP

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Emphysema

wheezing, hypoxic drive in pts

CPAP

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Asthma (lower)

^HR ^RR and dec BP Wheezing on exhalation, exhaling forcefully, coughing, restricted airflow due to mucus overprduction, chest pain, difficulty breathing, flare ups

bronchodilator, CPAP

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Pneumonia (lower)

Fever and Severe chills (most common ss) Chest Pain, rhonchi (resembles snoring in lower A), headache, Coughing (mucous green, yellow or bloody), Shortness of breath, Pale and sweaty skin, Fatigue and confusion

CPAP

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Pulmonary edema

^HR ^BP DYSPNEA*, EDEMA, crackles/wheezes, cough white/pink-tinged frothy sputum*, low spo2, weight gain in past few days, gurgle sounds, SOB when lying down, drowning feeling, feeling worse over past several days, anxiety pale and sweaty skin,

-High concentration O2 (unless breathing is inadequate→ ventilate) -Keep legs in dependent position (hanging down) -CPAPnot treatable

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Pulmonary embolism

Wheezing, Sudden onset of sharp pleuritic chest pain, cough(sometimes bloody sputum)

Administer O2 and treat like pt with Short of breath

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Croup

Gradual mild fever

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Epiglottitus (upper)

Sudden onset of high fever* STRIDOR* Drooling* Muffled voice Difficulty swallowing Tripod position in children

calm pt, admin high o2, transport

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Meningitis Pg. 961

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Cystic fibrosis

Coughing with large amounts of mucus Fatigue Frequent pneumonia Abdominal pain and distention Coughing up blood Nausea Weight loss

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Viral respiratory infection

Persistent cough of yellowish or greenish sputum, starts with sore scratchy throat with sneezing, runny nose, and fatigue. fever and chills, sob

Admin O2 and treat like pt with R. Distress

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Spontaneous pneumothorax

Sharp pleuritic chest pain, Low oxygen saturation Decreased or absent breath sounds on injured lung side, Shortness of breath Tire easily Tachycardia Breathe fast Exhibit cyanosis

CPAP CONTRAINDICATED Administer O2 and treat like pt with Short of breath

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Pneumothorax

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Tension pneumothorax

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Hemothorax

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Hemopneumothorax

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Traumatic asphyxia

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Cardiac Tamponade

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Commotio Cordis

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Flail chest

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Sucking Chest Wound

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Coronary artery diseases

diseases that affect the arteries of the heart

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Pectoris Angina (Heart Attack) m

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Acute myocardial infarction

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Congesive heart failure

Failure of heart to pump efficiently , leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs or other body parts, causes pulmonary edema

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Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

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Dysrhythmia - Ventricular Tachycardia

pg. 512 + pulseless electrical activity + asystole

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Dysrhythmia - Ventricular Fibrillation

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Coagulopathies Pg. 637

loss of normal ability to form a blood clot with external/internal bleeds

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Anemia

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Sickle Cell Anemia

inherited disease in which a genetic defect in hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of rbc

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Urinary Tract Infection

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Kidney Stones

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Renal Failure

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Renal Failure - ESRD Pg. 643

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Appendicitis Pg. 606

infection of appendix, s/s: nausea, sometimes vomit, pain often referred to umbilical region followed by persistent RLQ pain, Rupture of appendix can be sudden and severe increase in pain, contents release into abdomen causing severe peritonitis

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Peritonitis

Iritiation of peritoneum, usually caused by foreign material in peritoneal space, parietal peritoneum is sensitive, especially to acidic, s/s abdominal pain and rigidity.

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Cholecystitis

Gallbladder inflammation, caused by blockage of its outlet by gall stones, symptoms often worsened by ingestion of fatty foods

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Pancreatitis

Pancreas inflammation, in its with chronic alcohol abuse, s/s: epigastric pain, often referred pain to back and or shoulder.

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GI Bleeding

hemorrhage wishing the lumen of GI tract, painless, gastric ulcers can causes sever pain and peritonitis, s/s: tarry stool, blood from rectum, vomit coffee ground blood

Aspirin

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Abdominal General Pain and Evisceration Pg. 615 (Visceral, parietal, tearing, referred pain)

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Hernia

gole in muscular layer, s/s sudden onset of abdomen pain, palpable mass or lump in wall or groin

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Renal Colic (Kidney stones)

severe flank pain caused by kidney stones traveling down to ureter. S/S: severe cramping, intermittent pain in flank or back, referred to groin, nausea and vomit

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Diabetes - Hypoglycemia

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Diabetes - Hyperglycemia HHNS

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Diabetes - Hyperglycemia DKA

DKA: occurs as result of high blood sugar, characterized by dehydration (hypovolemia -->hypotension-->increased HR and RR), AMS, and shock. Gradual onset.

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Seizure - General

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Seizure - Partial

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Seizure Tonic-clonic Postical

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Stroke

artery in brain blocked by clot or ruptured, disrupting blood flow of o2 into brain or causing bleeding in the brain.

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Stroke - Hemorrhagic

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Stroke - Transient Ischemic Attack

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Sepsis

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Allergic Reaction

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Anaphylaxis

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Shock (Early stage)

Cardia system inability to adequately pump and perfuse oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, and can also result in accumulation of wastes in tissues. Life threatening

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Shock (Late stage)

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Cardiogenic Shock

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Hypovolemic Shock

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Neurogenic Shock

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Internal Bleeding

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Head Injury

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Scalp Injury

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Brain Injury

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Intracranial Pressure

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Types of Closed Injury

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Types of Open Injury

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Solid Organ Damage

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Hollow Organ Damage

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Hypothermia

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Extreme Hypothermia

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Frostnip Pg. 857

Early/superficial Local Cold Injury

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Frostbite

Late/deep Local Cold Injury

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Hyperthermia - with Moist + Pale + Normal or Cool Skin

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Hyperthermia - with Hot Skin + Dry or Moist Pg. 862

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Heat Exhaustion

pale, clammy skin and excessive perspiration?

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Heat Cramps

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Heat Stroke

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Water Related Accidents

CPAP CONTRAINDICATED IN DROWNING PTS

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Arterial Gas Embolism Pg. 869 (a.k.a Air Embolism)

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Decompression Sickness

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Nitrogen narcosis

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Barotrauma

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Insect Bites and stings Pg. 874

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Snakebite

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Poisoning

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Inhaled Poisons Pg. 587 (CO, Smoke, etc.)

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Ingested Poisons

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Absorbed Poisons

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Injected Poisons

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Alcohol Abuse Pg. 593

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Substance abuse - Uppers

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Substance abuse - Downers

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Substance abuse - Narcotics

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Substance abuse - Hallucinogens (Mind altering)

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Substance abuse - Volatile Chemicals

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Behavioral or Psychiatric Emergency Pg. 624

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Potential or Attempted Suicide

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Aggressive or Hostile Patient

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Pregnancy Pg. 894

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Normal Delivery

Suction Mouth then Nose, keep baby warm

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Neonatal Resuscitation

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Vaginal Bleeding Pg. 918

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Excessive Pre-birth Bleeding Pg. 906

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Breech Presentation

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Limb Presentation

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Prolapsed Umbilical cord

Insert 2 fingers into vagina to isolate

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Abruptio Placentae Pg. 912

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Placenta Previa

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Seizure - Preeclampsia

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Seizure - Eclampsia

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Meconium Staining (Fetus Distress)

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Premature Birth

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Multiple Birth

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Miscarriage/Abortion

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Trauma in Pregnancy

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Stillbirths Pg. 916

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Ectopic Pregnancy

fertilized egg does not implant in uterus body but instead in fallopian tube, cervix, or abdominopelvic cavity.

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Supine Hypotensive Pediatrics Pg. 947

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Cardiac Involvement

pain from MI may be felt as abdominal discomfort, S/S: epigastric pain, indigestion, or digestive discomfort

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atherosclerosis

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Delirium Tremens

a severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawal, characteristics by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations. can lead to death of untreated

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Excited delerium

bizarre or aggressive behavior, shouting, paranoia, violence towards others, insensitivity to pain, unexpected physical strength, hyperthermia, usually associated with amphetamines or cocaine

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Respiratory Distress (hypoxia)

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Respiratory Failure (inadequate breathing)

CPAP

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Respiratory Arrest (not breathing)

CPAP

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Difficulty Breathing

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Inadequate Breathing or Hypoxia

Rate: out of normal range, very slow or very fast Rhythm: irregular Quality: breath sounds may be diminished or absent, depth will be inadequate or shallow, chest expansion with be unequal or inadequate

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Cardiac Arrest

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Altered Mental Status

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