AP Human Geography
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| Demography | The study of general population trends.
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| Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land
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| Arithmetic population density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: Divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq miles or sq km).
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| Population Distribution | Description of spatial distribution of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live.
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| Dot maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people.
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| megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the North.
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| Natural increase rate | Shows how a country's population is changing without migration.
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| Crude birth rate (CBR) | The number of live births per year per thousand people.
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| Crude death rate (CDR) | The number of deaths per year per thousand people.
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| Contraceptive prevalence rate | Percent of Women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception.
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| Doubling time | Time required for a population to double in size
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| Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children born to a woman of child bearing age.
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| Old-age dependency ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages 15-64 (working age population).
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| Child dependency ratio | Number of people between the age 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages 15-64 (working age population).
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| Population composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education.
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| Population pyramids | A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population.
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| Demographic transition | Observation that a country's birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. Model based on population change in western Europe.
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| Zero population growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births.
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| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching the age of 1 year.
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| Life expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live.
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| Epidemiological transition | Change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants (including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from de generative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies.
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| Infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human.
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| Degenerative diseases | Generally long-lasting afflictions, now more common because of longer life expectancies.
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| Genetic or inherited diseases | Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans.
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| Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type pf mosquitos.
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| Expansive population policies | Government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.
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| Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people.
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| Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase (also called anti-natalist)
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