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Words from learning objective 5.9-5.12

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Term
Definition
Global Supply Chain   a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer  
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export   A good or service produced in the home country and sold in another country.  
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commodity   a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.  
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consumption patterns   how consumers buy and consume a particular product  
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desertification   the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert  
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soil salinization   salt buildup in the soil  
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slash and burn agriculture   Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.  
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terraces   step like ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming  
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deforestation   The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.  
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wetlands   a lowland area, such as a marsh or swamp, that is saturated with moisture, especially when regarded as the natural habitat of wildlife.  
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agricultural innovations   involved the development of new farming methods, such as irrigations, that increased crop yields  
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biotechnology   A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.  
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genetically modified organisms   crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods  
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aquaculture (aquafarming)   the rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food.  
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biodiversity   the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.  
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urban farming   The growing of fruits, herbs, and vegetables and raising animals in towns and cities, a process that is accompanied by many other activities such as processing and distributing food, collecting and reusing food waste.  
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organic farming   the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops  
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fair trade   trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.  
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value added crops   entails changing a raw agricultural product into something new through packaging, processing, cooling, drying, extracting or any other type of process that differentiates the product from the original raw commodity. Examples: orange juice, bacon, bagged salad mix, artisan bread, things that are worth way more than the product used to make them  
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food insecurity   a condition in which people do not have adequate access to food  
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food desert   An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain  
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suburbanization   The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.  
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women in agriculture   • Women were gatherers in Paleolithic hunting and gathering days • As gatherers, women knew plants and watched plants • Thus, it is not surprising that women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the gender who gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew  
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subsidy   A government payment that supports a business or market  
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greenbelt   A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.  
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