Medical Terminology Chapter 7
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| Othopedics | Medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of skeletal and muscular systems
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| Avascular Necrosis | Death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone, often the femur
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| Osteochondroma | A benign bone tumor that affects males less that 25, the most common benign tumor, and is a bony mass
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| Osteoma | Another benign tumor that happens in middle age, affects the facial bones, and is associated with Gardner Syndrome
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| Osteoid Osteoma | Benign tumor that is found in males, large bones, nighttime pain, and is relieved by NSAID
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| Osteoblastoma | Benign tumor that is identical to Osteoid Osteoma, but is not relieved by NSAID
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| Chondroma | Benign tumor that is found in hands or feet
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| Osteosarcoma | Malignant tumor that is found in young teen males, long honest, associated with retinoblastoma, and sunburst appearance
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| Chondrosarcoma | Malignant tumor that occurs in the medulla of pelvis
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| Ewing sarcoma | Malignant tumor that happens in white boys younger that 1 years old, long bones, onion skin appearance, small blue cells that resemble lymphocytes
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| Chondromalacia Patellae | Abnormal softening of patella because of thinning and uneven wear
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| Fracture | broken bone due to accident, injury, or disease process
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| Greenstick fracture | Occurs in children when bone only breaks on one side, it occurs when bone bends and doesn't break completely
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| Open fracture (compound fracture) | Occurs when a broken bone breaks through overlying skin
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| Colles fracture | Occurs when distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
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| Compressed fracture | Occurs when cranium is fractured inward toward the brain
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| Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of bones due to severe deficiency of Vitamin D
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| Osteomyelitis | Infection in the bone and the bone marrow. Infections can travel through bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue
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| Osteoporosis | Abnormal thinning of bone structure
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| Ankylosing spondylitis | Is chronic inflammation of vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine.
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| Spondylitis | Inflammation or infection of the vertebrae
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| Kyphosis (humpback) | Abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of thoracic spine
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| Lordosis (swayback) | Is an abnormal, excessive, anterior curvature of lumbar spine
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| Scoliosis | Abnormal, excessive, S-shaped lateral curvature of spine
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| Arthralgia | Pain in joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes
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| Arthropathy | Disease of joint from any cause
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| Gout | Metabolic disorder with high levels of uric acid in blood
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| Hemarthosis | Blood in joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound
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| Osteoarthritis | Chronic inflammatory disease of joints particularly the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | An autoimmune disease. Acute and chronic inflammatory disease. Usually hands, wrists and knees. Symptoms are mirrored on both sides. Fatigue, weight loss, temperature.
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| Pectus Excavatum | Congenital deformity as the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent forward
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| Genu Valgum | Congenital deformity in which knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and lower legs are bent laterally; knock knee
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| Genu Varum | Congenital deformity in where knees are rotated laterally away from each other and lower legs are bent forward midline. Bowleg
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| Hallax Valgus (bunion | Deformity in which great toe is angled laterally toward other toes
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| Talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity in which foot is pulled downward and toward midline; dub foot
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| Arthrography | Dye that is injected into joint
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| Arthrogram | X-ray, CT, MRU image; picture
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| Bone Density Test | Procedure that measures the bone density to detect osteoporosis (DEXA scan)
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| Goniometry | used to measure the angle of a joint and its range of motion (ROM)
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| Goniometer | Instrument used to measure and angle of a joint
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| Orthosis | Orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar. Keeps it straight
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| Prosthesis | Artificial leg for patient
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| Amputation | Removing extremity
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| Arthrocentesis | Remove an accumulation of fluid from injured joint by using needle
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| Arthrodesis | Procedure to fuse together joint
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| Arthroscopy | Arthroscope used to visualize inside joint
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| Arthroscope | Instrument used to examine joint
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| Bone graft | Uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fracture with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer
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| Allograft | Frozen or freeze-dried bone take from cadaver
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| Autograft | Bone taken from patient's own body
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| Joint Placement Therapy | Procedure to replace joint that has been destroyed by disease of osteoarthritis also known as arthroplasty
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| Analgesic Drug | Medications used to treat pain, can be over-the-counter such as acetaminophen or aspirin
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| Bone resorption drug | Medications that inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone to prevent and treat osteoporosis
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| Corticosteroid | Medications that decrease severe inflammation
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| Gold Compound Drugs | Medications that inhibit the autoimmune response that attacks joints and connective tissue with rheumatoid arthritis
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| AKA | Above the Knee Amputation
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| BKA | Below the Knee Amputation
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| DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease
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| OA | Osteoarthritis
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| ORIF | Open reduction and internal fixation (procedure to treat a compound fracture)
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| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| ROM | Range Of Motion
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| THR | Total Hip Replacement
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