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Rocks and Minerals

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Term
Definition
Mineralogy   the study of crystal structure, chemistry, and the properties of minerals  
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Minerals   a naturally occurring inorganic substance with a chemical composition. It has been formed by geological processes.  
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luster   the way light interacts with the surface of a mineral, crystal, or rock  
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cleavage   A sharp division or split. A mineral or rock has cleavage planes where the rock will tend to split.  
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density   The compactness of a substance. In physics, density is measured by mass over volume.  
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Mohs Scale   A scale used to measure the hardness of minerals.  
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streak   the color of the mineral’s powder (using a streak test)  
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sedimentary rocks   rocks that are made from other materials like sand or shells. The layers gather and over time, turn into rock.  
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igneous rocks   molten or magma rocks that cool quickly while underground.  
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metamorphic rocks   rocks that have been changed over time by heat or pressure, used to be igneous or sedimentary.  
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sediments   matter that is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bottom of a body of water.  
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