MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Laboratory tests and diagnostics
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| show | Antithyroglobulin antibodies tests | Test that detects antibodies against thyroglobulin, a precursor to T3 and T4 | a positive result indicates the patient has Hashimoto
thyroiditis or Graves disease.
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| Blood | Calcium test | Test that measures the level of calcium in the blood | show 🗑
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| Blood | Cortisol level test | show | also indirectly determines whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting ACTH
to stimulate the adrenal cortex.
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| show | Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Test that measures the blood glucose level after a patient has fasted for at least 12 hours. | • Results indicate whether the pancreas is secreting a normal amount
of insulin.
• Also called a fasting blood glucose (FBG).
• Is the initial screening test for diabetes mellitus.
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| Blood | FSH assay and LH assay | Test that measures levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. | show 🗑
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| Blood | Glucose self- testing | show |
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| Blood | Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | show | • Usually, blood glucose is elevated at first but returns to a
normal level in 1 to 2 hours.
• A continuing elevated blood glucose indicates diabetes
mellitus.
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| show | Growth hormone test | Test that measures the level of growth hormone in the blood to determine whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount. |
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| Blood | Hemoglobin A1c test | Test that measures the A1c fraction of hemoglobin in a diabetic patient’s red blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | Testosterone test | Test that measures levels of total testosterone and free testosterone in a man’s blood to determine if the testes are secreting a normal amount. | • Also indirectly determines if the anterior pituitary gland is
secreting enough luteinizing hormone.
• Done as part of an infertility workup.
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| Blood | show | Test that measures blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH. | • T3 and T4 levels -->if thyroid is functioning correctly.
• TSH level --> if anterior pituitary gland is functioning correctly.
• Values from these tests can be used to calculate the patient’s
free thyroxine index (FTI or T7).
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| Urine | ADH stimulation test | show | • Patient provides a urine specimen after not drinking for 12 hours, then receives ADH and water and provides a second urine specimen.
• If the patient has diabetes insipidus, the second specimen will be more concentrated.
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| Urine | Estradiol test | show | • Also indirectly evaluates whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting adequate FSH.
• Done as part of an infertility workup.
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| Urine | show | Test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine | used to evaluate patients with diabetes.
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| Urine | Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test | Test that measures levels of VMA, a byproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine. | show 🗑
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