Term
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| Gyre | Circular moving currents that occur within a single ocean basin.
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| Upwelling | Is the rising of cold water from deeper water to replace warmer surface water.
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| Downwelling | is the sinking of warm surface water to lower portions of the water column.
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| Thermohaline circulation | is a term used to describe deep-ocean circulation, due to seawater density
differences caused by temperature and salinity.
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| Wave crest | Highest part of the wave above the average water line.
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| Wave trough | the lowest part of the wave above the average water line.
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| Wave height | Is the vertical distance between wave crest and trough.
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| Wavelength | Is the horizontal distance between successive crests of waves.
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| Wave period | This is the time it takes once wavelength to pass fixed length.
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| Wave base | The maximum depth at which a water wave’s passage causes significant water motion.
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| Surf | This is a collective term for breakers.
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| Swash | Water moving along in waves or with a rushing movement.
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| Backwash | The water flows back down to the beach toward the surf zone.
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| Beach | An accumulation of sediment along the landward edge of an ocean, marginal sea, or lake.
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| Wave refraction | The slowing and bending of waves in shallow water.
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| Beach drift | The transport of sediment in a zigzag pattern along a beach caused by the uprush of water from obliquely breaking waves.
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| Longshore current | Near shore current that flows parallel to the shore.
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| Hard stabilization | An artificial structure built to protect a coast or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach.
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| Emergent coasts | A coast where land was formerly below sea level has been exposed either because of crustal uplift or a drop of sea level, or both
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| Submergent coasts | A coast with a form that is largely a result of the partial drowning of a former land surface either because of a rise of sea level, or subsidence
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| Tides | Periodic change in the elevation of the ocean surface.
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| Diurnal tidal pattern | A tidal pattern exhibiting one high tide and one low tide during a tidal day; a daily tide.
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| Semidiurnal tidal pattern | A tidal pattern exhibiting two high tides and two low tides per tidal day, with
small inequalities between successive highs and successive lows; a semi-daily tide.
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| Mixed tidal pattern | A tidal pattern exhibiting two high tides and two low tides per tidal day, with a large inequality in high water heights, and in low water heights.
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