Equine Dz
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strangles | "Equine Distemper," caused by Streptococcus equi. CS: swelling/abscesses of lymph nodes, fever, depression, painful jaw, drainage of abscess. Tx: self-limiting, clean abscesses, supportive care, NSAID's, abx, isolate. Contagious for 5 wks after CS's end.
🗑
|
||||
| Influenza | highly contagious orthomyxoviridae. CS: high fever, cough, depression, nasal discharge. Dx: CS's and virus isolation. Horses are ill for 3-4 days and need to vaccinate.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) | very contagious virus, 2 types (EHV1, EHV4). Causes resp dz, abortion, neonatal & neurological dz. Signs similar to influenza. Vaccs @5, 7, and 9 months of gestation. Neuro dz has high morbidity and mortality. Vaccs foals a few times.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Viral Arteritis | contagious viral dz. CS: leg swelling, conjunctivitis, abortion, resp dz, high fever, laminitis. Dx: CS's, paired serum samples, virus isolation. Tx: supportive care, vaccine available, do not vaccs pregnant mares.
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | AKA recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and causes narrowing of airways and excessive mucous production. Many horses w/ this are allergic to molds. Tx: bronchodilators or steroids to reduce swelling, no cure.
🗑
|
||||
| Guttural Pouch | two large symmetric ventral diverticulum of Eustachian tube, is above pharynx & larynx. It lowers temperature of blood traveling to the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| Choke | obstruction of the esophagus. CS: stretched neck, coughing, hyper salivation. Tx: may alleviate with NG tube, sx. Can cause aspiration pneumonia.
🗑
|
||||
| Gastric & Colonic Ulcers | caused by stress, high grains, pain, NSAIDs, and occurs in foals. Use anti-ulcer medication (Omeprazole).
🗑
|
||||
| Colitis | causes rapid fluid loss, depression, no appetite, ab pain, tachycardia, prolonged CRT. Caused by Salmonella, Clostridium and/or Ehrlichia risticii. Tx: fluids.
🗑
|
||||
| Phenylbutazone Toxicosis | causes dehydration, oral/gastric ulcers, renal failure, bloody stool, peritonitis, colonic stricutre, or colon rupture from excessive doses of PBZ. General term for "belly ache."
🗑
|
||||
| Colic | abdominal pain, obstruction of ingesta & gas in GI. CS vary. Dx: CS's, abdominocentesis, HR, MM, CRT, borborygmus, rectal palpation. Tx: Banamine, mineral oil, fluids, NSAIDs, withhold food, sx.
🗑
|
||||
| Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) | caused by Neorickettsia risticii, ingestion of may fly. CS: fever, diarrhea, fluid loss, swelling limbs, laminitis. Dx: isolate bacteria, CS, presence of bacteria geographically. Tx: fluid, supportive care, NSAIDs, abx, prevent with vaccinations
🗑
|
||||
| Salmonella | zoonotic disease that, several species of this effect horses, are subclinical carriers. CS: depression, fever, diarrhea. Dx: CS, isolate bacteria, low WBC. Tx: supportive, quarantine.
🗑
|
||||
| Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy (Wobbler's) | orthopedic dz caused by compression of cervical spine, males affected 4x more, thoroughbreds more than any other breed. CS: symmetric incoordination starting 6 months-3 years, ascending ataxia, sx to repair (costly + low success).
🗑
|
||||
| myelopathy | dz of the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis | most common neuro condition, host to Sarcocystis neurona parasite, opossums primary host, 85% of horses have this. CS: ataxia, weak, muscle atrophy. Dx: CSF fluid, protazoa in necropsy lesions. Tx: antiprotozoal drugs, abx, less than 25% recover fully
🗑
|
||||
| ataxia | poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements due to brain damage, nerves, and/or muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Herpes Virus | CS: rhinopneumonitis, mild-severe signs, no bladder/tail function, penile prolapse, paralysis or death. Dx: CSF sample. Tx: corticosteroids, supportive care, prognosis for normal function is 80%.
🗑
|
||||
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Degenerative Myelopathy | symmetric spinal ataxia, fore & hind limbs affected equially, appears between 6 mo-2 yrs, prognosis is poor, no good diagnostic testing, some breeds are predisposed to this dz.
🗑
|
||||
| Vertebral Fracture | CS: pain is #1 sign, weakness of limbs depends on where fracture occurs. Dx: rads or nuclear scinetigraphy, has a poor prognosis.
🗑
|
||||
| scintigraphy | a technique in which a scintillation counter or similar detector is used with a radioactive tracer to obtain an image of a bodily organ or a record of its functioning.
🗑
|
||||
| Brain Damage | cerebrum damage affects: altered mentation and states of consciousness, head pressing, seizures.
brain stem damage affects: facial sensation, mastication. swallowing, balance, vision, taste, ocular position, in-coordination of limbs, breathing.
🗑
|
||||
| Rabies | a zoonotic fatal disease, 2 forms (furious and paralytic). Caused by a bite from infected animals. CS: fever, hind limb ataxia, hyperesthesia, neurological signs, 3-10 days then dead, need to vaccinate.
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperesthesia | excessive physical sensitivity, especially of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Encephalomyelitis | Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan forms (sleeping sickness, viral encephalitis). Transmitted by mosquitos and zoonotic. CS: depression, fever, ataxia, head pressing, dementia. Mortality ranges from 30-100%
🗑
|
||||
| West Nile Virus | CS: weakness, ataxia, asymmetrical, hind leg(s) and forelimbs, muscle fasciculations, droopy lips, mortality is 34-44%. Tx: supportive care (fluids, dmso, NSAIDs, ETC), vaccs is a MUST.
🗑
|
||||
| fasciculations | a brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often causing a flicker of movement under the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Leukoencephalomalacia | Moldy Corn Toxicity, ingestion of Fusarium moniliform. Kernels are usually pink or brown. CS: profound depression, head pressing, altered consciousness, incoordination, aimless wandering. Tx: supportive, prognosis is poor (24 hrs).
🗑
|
||||
| Uveitis | "Moon Blindness." CS: intraocular inflamm, blepharospasm, corneal edema, inflammatory cellular exudate in anterior chamber, can be unilateral/bilateral, no cure and gets worse over time. Can use atropine/corticosteroids or NSAIDs for flare ups.
🗑
|
||||
| Corneal Ulcers | ophthalmic dz caused by trauma. Dx: Flureoscein dye. Tx: ophthalmic abx ointment, many sx options (suturing of 3rd eyelid).
🗑
|
||||
| Tetanus (Lock Jaw) | high mortality rate dz caused by Clostridium tetani, found in soil, may lie dormant for 6 months, must vaccinate. CS; light/sound sensitive, rigid body, no control of 3rd eyelid, convulsions/death in 75-80%.
🗑
|
||||
| Tetanus (Tx & Px) | Tx: dark quiet stall, antitoxin, high doses of Penicillin, sedative, IV fluids, NG feeding, enemas, manual evacuation of rectum.
Px: guarded to grave, prevent with vaccination.
🗑
|
||||
| Botulism | rare fatal dz caused by Clostridium botulinum. CS: can't swallow, muscle weakness, tremors, resp. paralysis. Dx: culture. Tx: antitoxin if early, vaccs sometimes available, supportive care.
🗑
|
||||
| Clostridial Bacteria | -C. tetani causes rigid paralysis
-C. botulinum causes flaccid paralysis
🗑
|
||||
| Equine Infectious Anemia | reportable viral dz. CS: anemia, fever, wt loss, transmitted from large biting flies to horses, always carriers after infected. Dx: Coggin's Test
🗑
|
||||
| Coggin's Test | USDA accredited DVM must draw blood for this test. (+) test means that entire herd is quarantined for 60 days, all horses tested, state DVM can release quarantine, infected horses quarantined for life or euth. Pics taken with test sample.
🗑
|
||||
| Culicoides Hypersensitivity | integument disorder that causes a pruritic skin condition from fly bites. Can happen on various places of body, usually seasonal. Prevent by keeping horses away from water.
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcoids | common benign tumor, ugly/annoying, causes raised hairless lesions with a bumpy surface. Two types: verrucous (flat) & fibroblastic (bumpy & raised). Tx: cryoptherapy, laser, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemo, sx removal (less success), anti-cancer drugs
🗑
|
||||
| Melanomas | common skin tumor, mostly in gray horses. Happens in perineal area and gets bigger with time, usually benign. Tx: sx removal is best.
🗑
|
||||
| Dermatophilus congolensis | (rain rot, swamp rot, mycotic dermatitis, skin fungus), not a fungus or bacteria, is Actinomycetes. Can be large scabs or small scrapes. Dx: CS, culture. Tx: eliminate moisture, antiseptic scrub, drying agent, air, sun, slef-limiting.
🗑
|
||||
| Scratches | integument disorder that affects white colored limbs of horses. CS: scabs on limbs, swelling, red, cracking, sometimes lameness. Tx: Zinc oxide w/ chlorhex & poss steroid, wrap legs and keep away from wet grass.
🗑
|
||||
| Laminitis | swelling of laminae of hoof. CS: won't move, strong bounding digital pulse, altered gait, shifting wt onto hind limbs. Dx: hoof testers, digital pulses, rads. Tx: NSAIDs, DMSO, ice baths, therapeutic shoes, diet, identify cause and threat.
🗑
|
||||
| Sole Abscess | acute lameness in one hoof, is common. Dx: hoof testers. Tx: NSAIDs, Epsom salt baths, will rupture at point of least resistance.
🗑
|
||||
| Limb Deformities | -angular
-flexural
-any abnormally shaped limb
-in utero (nutritional problem)
-in young (bad conformation or improper nourishment)
-bone, joint, tendon deformities.
🗑
|
||||
| Osteochondrosis (OCD) | disorder that can be genetic, dietary, from exercise, improper shoeing. Treat with infections, NSAIDs, and poss sx.
🗑
|
||||
| Ringbone | osteoarthritis of pastern or coffin bones. Inflammation within joints is bad enough where body lays down more bone to "fix" it.
🗑
|
||||
| Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) | bone dz usually seen with Ringbone, causes osteoarthritis, can be anywhere in the body. CS: stiffness, lameness, decreased range of motion.
🗑
|
||||
| Stringhalt | exaggerated lifting of hind limbs, cause is unclear, some will recover on their own and others have it forever.
🗑
|
||||
| Naval Ill | a foal emergency issue where the naval area becomes infected and will spread throughout the body. Can be severe or subtle. Tx: umbilical area dipped in iodine every few hours, good husbandry.
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolic Syndrome | syndrome in adult, obese, insulin resistant, animals. CS: fat deposits in crest of neck/head/above eyes/behind shoulders/sheath of males. Dx: measuring insulin & glucose levels. Tx: low sugar/starch diet, exercise, antioxidants.
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing's Disease | Excessive ACTH production > hyperadrenocorticism; tumors on pituitary. CS: muscle atrophy, hirsutism (long curly hair), depressed, poor performance, laminitis, fat deposits, recurrent infections, pendulous ab, wt loss.
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing's (Dx & Tx) | Dx: Dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH stimulation test.
Tx: not curable but treatable, good quality feed, dental care, foot care, clip long hair, Pergolide, Cyproheptadine, low sugar/starch diet.
🗑
|
||||
| Rhabdomyolysis | (Monday morning syndrome, Tying up) inflammatory dz of muscle, after onset of exercise. CS: dark chocolate brown urine, increases CK & AST on blood chem. Tx: varies, exercise restriction, stall confine, NSAIDs, fluids, muscle relaxants.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
Popular Agriculture sets