chapter 33 potter and perrry
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| What is Zestril and what is it used for? | show 🗑
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| Where is the cardiac sphincter and what is its function? | show 🗑
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| show | Pepsin and HCl
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| What ingredient in stomach juices is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B12? | show 🗑
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| What is an average amount of chyme moving through the small intestine in a day? | show 🗑
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| By the time 7-10 liters of chyme reaches the end of the small intestine how much has it been reduced to? | show 🗑
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| What are the three sections of the small intestine? | show 🗑
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| show | Duodenum
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| show | Jejunum
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| The _______ is 12 feet long and specializes in the absorption of water, fats, and bile salts. | show 🗑
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| show | duodenum and jejunum
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| Which section of the small intestine absorbs certain vitamins, iron, and bile salts? | show 🗑
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| show | disrupted peristalsis, reduced area for reabsorption, blocked passage of chyme resulting in electrolyte and nutritional deficiencies
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| show | 1.5 -1.6 meters or 5-6 feet
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| What names of the three parts of the large intestine? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the passage way from the small intestine to the large? | show 🗑
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| What are the four segments of the colon? | show 🗑
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| show | absorption, secretion, and elimination
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| show | The amount of water absorbed from chyme depends on the amount of time spent in the colon. Fast peristalsis = watery stool. Slow = hard stool
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| Name a couple of electrolytes secreted in the colon. | show 🗑
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| show | Mass peristalsis
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| show | 3-4 times a day, strongest about an hour after mealtime
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| What are distended veins in the rectum caused by straining during defecation? | show 🗑
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| show | Valsalva maneuver
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| Which patients should avoid straining? | show 🗑
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| Describe normal defecation. | show 🗑
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| Continuous oozing diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal distention, cramping, N&V, and rectal pain are signs and symptoms associated with what condition? | show 🗑
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| What is the aim of treatment for a patient with diarrhea? | show 🗑
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| What kind of stool consistency would be formed by an ostomy of the sigmoid colon? | show 🗑
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| show | watery stool (foregoes the whole large intestine)
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| What are loop colostomies and when are they performed? | show 🗑
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| What kind of colostomy is used as surgical treatment for colorectal cancer? | show 🗑
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| What patients often have a temporary end colostomy with a Hartmann’s pouch? | show 🗑
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| show | They could train the bowel to empty at a certain time of day and not have to where a bag throughout the day.
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| show | ileoanal pouch anastomosis
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| What procedure creates a pouch of ileum that the patient catheterizes and empties several times a day? | show 🗑
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| show | Pancreas disorder
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| What would elevated levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in feces indicate? | show 🗑
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| What could cause elevated levels of biliruben in feces? | show 🗑
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| Elevated levels of what may indicate obstructive hepatobiliary diseases and carcinomas, or healing fractures? | show 🗑
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| If feces is white or clay what’s missing? | show 🗑
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| show | Upper GI bleeding or Iron ingestion
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| What could red in the stool indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | Malabsorption of fat
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| show | Variable - Breast-fed 4-6 times a day, Bottle fed 1-3 times a day
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| show | Variable – daily or 2-3 times a week
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| What is FOBT and FIT and how often should people over 50 have it? | show 🗑
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| What are the test people over 50 should have every 5 years? | show 🗑
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| What test should people over 50 have every 10 years? | show 🗑
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| Patients on what medication should be regularly screened with a FOBT? | show 🗑
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| show | FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy
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| show | Mechanical breakdown of food, GI motility, Selective absorption, Secretion of substances in the large intestine
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| show | Fiber and fluid intake
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| show | fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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| show | bowel habits, analysis of factors that normally influence defecation, review of recent changes, physical examination
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| 2 dangers during digital removal of stool | show 🗑
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| Add questions about primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. When to complete a full assessment. Enema volume, when and why stop an enema | show 🗑
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| What is the best time to administer an enema? | show 🗑
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| What are some harmful effects related to overuse of laxatives (3)? | show 🗑
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| How are cathartics classified? | show 🗑
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| show | irritate local mucosa, increase motility, inhibit reabsorption of water
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| show | 6-8 hours
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| What kind of cathartic agents work by increasing fecal mass and lubrication by osmosis caused by a substance that the intestines cannot absorb? | show 🗑
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| What is the time frame of action for saline or osmotic cathartics? | show 🗑
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| What kind of cathartic agents soften and lower the surface tension of the stool by allowing water and fat to penetrate and block absorption of water into the intestines and works in 12-24 hours? | show 🗑
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| show | Bulk forming laxatives
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| How do bulk forming laxatives work? | show 🗑
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| show | patient’s with painful hemorrhoids
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| What are the problems associated with regular use of mineral oil? | show 🗑
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| show | normal saline
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| show | 750-1000mL
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| What kind of enema is for patients who cannot tolerate large amounts of fluid? | show 🗑
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| show | 120ml to 180ml
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| show | Depression decreases peristalsis and leads to constipation. Anxiety, stress, or fear can increase peristalsis leading to diarrhea.
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| How do narcotic analgesics, opiates, and anticholinergics affect elimination? | show 🗑
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| How do antibiotics affect elimination? | show 🗑
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| How does general anesthesia affect elimination? | show 🗑
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| How does pregnancy affect elimination? | show 🗑
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| What causes lactose intolerance and what are the signs and symptoms? | show 🗑
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| What do broccoli, cauliflower, onions, and dried beans have in common? | show 🗑
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| Emotional stress initially _______ peristalsis to evacuate the bowel for “fight” response. | show 🗑
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| What is the correct temperature for and enema and why? | show 🗑
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| Intrathoracic pressure _________ during straining to defecate. | show 🗑
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| show | Raised intra-thoracic pressure during straining cuts of venous return to the heart. It returns forcefully causing tachycardia and ^BP followed by reflex bradycardia
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| show | the left side because that is where the sigmoid colon is located
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| How does leaning forward promote defecation? | show 🗑
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| show | Promote passage of flatus decreasing abdominal pressure
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| What is the function of soap in a soapsuds enema? | show 🗑
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| How far in is an enema tube inserted? | show 🗑
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| Excessive use of what weakens the natural response to defecation? | show 🗑
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| Stool from what part of the colon is liquid? | show 🗑
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| show | transverse colon
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| Stool from what part of the colon is dry, solid, and formed? | show 🗑
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