NatGeoUnit 2
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| Population Distribution | Where people live within a geographic area
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| Clustered population | population grouped or clumped together around a central point
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| Climate | Long term patterns of weather in an area.
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| Human Migration | when people make a permanent move from one place to another
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| Population Density | the number of people occupying a unit of land
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| Arithmetic Density | the total number of people per unit area of land. (Total number of people/total land area)
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| Physiological density | The total number of people per unit of arable land
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| Arable Land | Land that can be used to grow crops
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| Agricultural Density | the total number of farmers per unit of arable land
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| Subsistence Agricultre | Farming that is providing crops and livestock for farmers family and close community
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| Carrying Capacity | Maximum population size an environment can sustain
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| Dependency Ratio | number of people in a dependent age group (under 15 over 65) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (15-64)
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| Sex Ratio | Proportion of males to females in a population
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| Demographics | data about structures and characteristics of human populations
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| Fertility | the ability to produce children
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| Crude Birth Rate | number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
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| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years
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| Mortality | deaths
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| Crude Death Rate | number of deaths of a given population per year per 1,000 people
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| Infant Mortality Rate | number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
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| Life expectancy | the average number of years a person is expected to live.
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| Population Pyramid | Graphs that show age-sex distribution of a given population, which help indicate whether a population is growing rapidly, slowly or in decline
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| Rate of Natural Increase | Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
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| Doubling Time | number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate will double (70/RNI)
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| Ubanization | growth and development of cities
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| Overpopulation | population that exceeds its sustainable size or carrying capacity.
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| Neo Malthusian | Raises concerns about sustainable use of the planet
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| Demographic Transition Model | Population trends related to birth and death rate
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| Epidemiological Transition Model | Describes changes in mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution as a result of causes of DEATH
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| Anti-Natalist | Government policies designed to curb/decrease population growth
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| Pronatalist | encourage births and aim to accelerate population growth
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| Mobility | movement from one location to another
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| Circulation | Temporary repetitive movements recur on a regular basis
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| Human Migration | permanent movement of people from one place to another
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| Emigration | movement away from a location
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| Immigration | movement into a location
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| net migration | difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location (can be negative or positive)
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| gravity model | Geographers derived from Newton's laws of universal gravitation to predict the interaction between two or more places. AS the population of a city increases, migration to that city increases.
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| Voluntary Migration | make the choice to move to a new place
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| Forced migration | people are compelled to move
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| Transnational migration | Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits.
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| internal migration | movement within a countries borders
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| friction of distance | the longer a journey is the more time, effort, and cost it will involve.
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| Transhumance | migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during winter.
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| Chain Migration | Immigrants who follow others to a new location usually have similar reasons for leaving their home country.
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| Step Migration | series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
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| Intervening Obstacle | an occurrence that holds migrants back
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| Intervening Opportunity | an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
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| Guest Workers | migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers
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| Circular Migration | migrant workers who move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs
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| Refugee | people who are forced to leave their country (ex fear of death)
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| Asylum | the right to protection
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| Internally Displaced Persons | people who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders.
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| Interregional migration | movement from one region of the country to another
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| Intraregional migration | movement within one region of the ocuntry
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| quotas | limits on the number of immigrants allowed into a country each year
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| kinship links | networks of relatives and friends-led migrants to follow the same paths and settle in the same places as those who migrated before them.
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| Remittances | money earned by emigrants abroad and sent back to home countries
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| Brain drain | the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another often richer country
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| relocation diffusion | the spread of ideas and culture traits through migration
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| Ravenstein's Laws of Migration | Describe trends in migration (there are 10...example 1Males migrate over longer distances than females...or migration is typically over a short distance)
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