Ch 17 Vocab
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| Ecological Footprint | Impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources
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| Mixed-Use Development | A single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial and office spaced
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| Walkability | A measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment
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| Transportation-Oriented Development | The creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station
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| Smart-Growth Policies | Policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible
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| Mixed-Use Zoning | Zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure
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| Traditional Zoning | Zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low, medium, high density) commercial or industrial
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| New Urbanism | A school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland
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| Slow-Growth Cities | City where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward
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| Urban Growth Boundary | A boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand
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| Greenbelt | A ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl
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| De Facto Segregation | Segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws
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| Redlining | Practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refused to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood's racial or ethnic makeup
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| Blockbusting | A practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices
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| Zones of Abandonment | Area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand
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| Filtering | The process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups
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| Inclusionary Zoning Laws | Law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers
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| Land Tenure | The legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land
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| Eminent Domain | A government's right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest
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| Environmental Injustice | The ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism
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| Urban Renewal | The nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when US cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns
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| Regional Planning | Planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure and economic activities
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| Brownfields | Abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb
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