Unit 5 Vocab
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| show | A class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed for eventual sale of a dairy product.
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| Extensive Agriculture 5.1 | show 🗑
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| show | Type of agricultural production that involves use of high levels of inputs, such as chemicals, fertilizers, and irrigation in order to maximize crop yields. Designed to make the most efficient use of land, labor, and capital. Large quantities at low cost.
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| show | The practice of maintaining a relatively small commercial farm that is characterized by a diversity of crops and, typically, a relationship with local markets
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| Mediterranean Agriculture 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Pastoral Nomadism 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Plantation Agriculture 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Ranching 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Shifting Cultivation 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Truck Farming 5.1 | show 🗑
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| Clustered Rural Settlement 5.2 | show 🗑
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| Dispersed Rural Settlement 5.2 | show 🗑
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| Linear Rural Settlements 5.2 | show 🗑
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| show | A type of rural survey method where land is divided into narrow lots perpendicular to a river, road, or canal. Lots stretch from buildings or houses to the river, road, etc. Gives everyone equal access to the "resource"
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| show | A type of rural survey method that defines the boundaries of a piece of land based on the physical landscape, directions, and distances
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| show | A type of rural survey method where land is divided into six mile square blocks called townships, and divided again into one mile square blocks, called range. Ranges are broken further into smaller parcels for people to develop.
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| Metes 5.2 | show 🗑
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| Bounds 5.2 | show 🗑
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| Domestication (plants and animals) 5.3 | show 🗑
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| show | A variety of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies were exchanged between the Americas and the Eastern hemisphere
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| show | Transition from hunting and gathering to growing plants and raising livestock. People began to understand seeds, water, and plant/animal care. Became more sedentary. Happened 1st in Ancient Mesopotamia ~10,000 years ago.
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| show | A period of rapid agricultural development in Britain that took place between the 16th and early 19th centuries. It was characterized by a number of changes and innovations that transformed the way food was produced and consumed.
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| show | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
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| show | Any substance, such as manure, or a mixture of nitrates, added to soil or water to increase its productivity
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| Green Revolution 5.5 | show 🗑
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| show | The act of replacing human labor with machines
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| show | Helps to control pests and diseases, which can damage crops and reduce yields
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| show | A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields and agricultural production. These changes in agriculture began in developed countries after World War II and spread globally till the late 1980s
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| Bid Rent Theory 5.6 | show 🗑
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| show | The practice of growing a single crop species over a large area. This can be done for a variety of reasons, including to maximize efficiency and profits, or to take advantage of specific soil or climatic conditions
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| show | System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market
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| Commercial Agriculture 5.7 | show 🗑
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| Commodity Chain 5.7 | show 🗑
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| show | Economic model developed in the 19th century that aims to explain the spatial organization of agriculture and how it is influenced by transportation costs. The model was developed by Johann Heinrich von Thunen, a German economist and landowner.
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| Export Commodity 5.9 | show 🗑
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| Infrastructure 5.9 | show 🗑
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| show | A financial support provided by a government to a business or individual, typically to promote a specific economic or social objective- Ex: The US government providing financial support to farmers through the Farm Bill.
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| show | A trade agreement that promotes the fair treatment of workers and the sustainable production of goods, often by establishing minimum prices for certain products and requiring environmentally sustainable practices
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| show | A crop that is grown for its high value and is not necessary for basic human sustenance. Examples of luxury crops include coffee, cocoa, and tobacco
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| Neocolonialism 5.9 | show 🗑
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| Conservation 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | The purposeful clearing of forested land
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| Desertification 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Draining Wetlands 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Irrigation 5.10 | show 🗑
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| show | Also known as shifting cultivation, is a type of subsistence agriculture in which land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation.
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| show | When soil becomes too salty, which can make it difficult or impossible for plants to grow. This can be caused by a number of factors, including irrigation with salty water, improper drainage, and high levels of naturally occurring salts in the soil.
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| Terrace Farming 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Overgrazing 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Overfishing 5.10 | show 🗑
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| Aquaculture (Aquafarming) 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Biotechnology 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Community-supported agriculture (CSA) 5.11 | show 🗑
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| show | Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.
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| Food desert 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Food insecurity 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Local-food movements 5.11 | show 🗑
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| Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs) 5.11 | show 🗑
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| show | Farming that is grown and processed using no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
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| show | Integrating growing crops or raising animals into an urban ecosystem.
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| show | Changing the physical state or form of an agricultural product in a way that increases it's worth (wheat into flour or berries into jam).
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| Blue Revolution 5.11 | show 🗑
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| show | Drugs that block growth and reproduction of bacteria
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| show | The "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world.
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| Biodiversity | show 🗑
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| show | Something that is grown for profit and to meet some luxury rather than to sustain the population.
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| Double Cropping | show 🗑
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| show | A plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market
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| Milkshed | show 🗑
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| Subsistence Agriculture | show 🗑
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| Herbicides | show 🗑
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| Transnational Corporation | show 🗑
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| Tertiary Sector | show 🗑
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| show | In American commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews.
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| show | Crops that produce more food per farming cycle than other wild varieties.
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