APHG Ch 5
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| Language | A system of communication though symbols, gestures, and a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have the same meaning
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| Ideogram | symbols that indicate words/parts of words
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| Phenome | Sounds used that distinguish one word from another
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| Protolanguage | Earliest form of a language
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| Afro-Asiatic | Arabic and Hebrew. Located in S.W. Asia and N. Africa.
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| Niger-Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa. Swahili: No written tradition
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| Indo-European | Most widely spoken. UN official languages: English, French
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| Sino-Tibetan | Various Chinese languages and dialects. Mandarin is most widely spoken language
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| Nomadic warrior Hypothesis | Languages spread through military due to herders from Kazakhstan conquering Europe and Asia 4,000 BCE
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| Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis | Language spread through agriculture. 6,000 BCE from turkey
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| Language spread from religion | Missionaries spread Islam and Arabic language
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| Language spreads from trade | 500 CE Swahili became lingua franca. Spread through Bantu Migration. Isn’t always official language or 1st language of the counties but each knows the language
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| Language spread through colonialism | English, Dutch, French. All official languages
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| Isogloss | Geographic boundary in which a particular linguistic feature occurs
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| Accent | Way people speak and the way words are pronounced in different parts of the world
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| Syntax | Arrangement of words and phrases
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| Vernacular | The common language/dialect spoken by people
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| Dialect | Region of language that differs from other areas using specific words (Ya’ll)
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| Standard language | Most acceptable for government, business, education and mass communication
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| Orthography | Conventional spelling of a language
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| Creole | Indigenous and colonizer languages are mixed
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| Ebonic | Dialect spoken by some African Americans
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Created by:
Ayden H
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