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APHG Ch 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Language | A system of communication though symbols, gestures, and a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have the same meaning |
Ideogram | symbols that indicate words/parts of words |
Phenome | Sounds used that distinguish one word from another |
Protolanguage | Earliest form of a language |
Afro-Asiatic | Arabic and Hebrew. Located in S.W. Asia and N. Africa. |
Niger-Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa. Swahili: No written tradition |
Indo-European | Most widely spoken. UN official languages: English, French |
Sino-Tibetan | Various Chinese languages and dialects. Mandarin is most widely spoken language |
Nomadic warrior Hypothesis | Languages spread through military due to herders from Kazakhstan conquering Europe and Asia 4,000 BCE |
Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis | Language spread through agriculture. 6,000 BCE from turkey |
Language spread from religion | Missionaries spread Islam and Arabic language |
Language spreads from trade | 500 CE Swahili became lingua franca. Spread through Bantu Migration. Isn’t always official language or 1st language of the counties but each knows the language |
Language spread through colonialism | English, Dutch, French. All official languages |
Isogloss | Geographic boundary in which a particular linguistic feature occurs |
Accent | Way people speak and the way words are pronounced in different parts of the world |
Syntax | Arrangement of words and phrases |
Vernacular | The common language/dialect spoken by people |
Dialect | Region of language that differs from other areas using specific words (Ya’ll) |
Standard language | Most acceptable for government, business, education and mass communication |
Orthography | Conventional spelling of a language |
Creole | Indigenous and colonizer languages are mixed |
Ebonic | Dialect spoken by some African Americans |