For Quiz Bowl
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| Water | 75%
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| Protein | 18.5% (less variable)
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| Lipids | 3% (most variable)
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| Non-protein Nitrogen | 1.5%
DNA, RNA, ADP, ATP, Peptides
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| Carbohydrate | 1% (mainly glycogen)
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| Inorganic (Ash) | 1%
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| Bound Water | Very tightly bound water, no change in amount
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| Immobilized Water | Water movement is restricted, amount decreases with rigor
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| Free Water | Water restriction, amount increases with rigor
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| High levels of bound water are associated | With high pH values and DFD (dark, firm, dry) meat
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| Immobilized water is associated with | Juiciness of the meat, this is the available water
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| Free water is associated with | Low pH value near the isoelectric point
Purge and PSE (Pale, Soft, E)
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| Primary Protein Structure | The order of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds
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| Secondary Protein Structure | The alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet structures
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| Tertiary Protein Structure | The interactions between R-groups of the amino acids
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| Quaternary Protein Structure | The interactions between different subunits of the multi-subunit protein
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| Glycine | The most abundant amino acid in the body
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| Collagen | Most abundant protein in the body
(Glycine-X-Y) repeat
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| Essential Amino Acids | Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine (for children)
Alanine
Leucine
Lysine
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| Myofibrillar (Salt Soluble) | Contractile
Cytoskeletal/Structural
Regulatory
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| Contractile | Actin (Thin Filament)
Myosin (Thick Filament)
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| Cytoskeletal/Structural | Titin
Nebulin
Desmin
M Protein
C Protein
Alpha-Actinin
Beta-Actinin
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| Regulatory | Tropomyosin
Troponin
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| Troponin | Tropomyosin
Inhibitory
Calcium
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| Sarcoplasmic (Water-Soluble) | Myoglobin
Hemoglobin
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| Stromal (Insoluble) | Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin
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| Triglycerides | 3 Fatty Acids
1 Glycerol Backbone
Held together by ester bonds
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| Saturated Fatty Acids | No double bonds, "hard fats"
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| Unsaturated Fatty Acids | One or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains
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| Monounsaturated Fatty Acid | 1 double bond
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| Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid | More than 1 double bond
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| Omega Fatty Acids | Named denote double bonds from the ends of the fatty acid chains (Omega 3/6/etc.)
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| Phospholipids | Can be saturated or unsaturated, fatty acids contain a phosphate group
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| Palmitic Acid | 16 C: 0 DB
Animal Fats
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| Stearic Acid | 18 C: 0 DB
Animal Fats
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| Oleic Acid | 18 C: 1 DB
Animal Fats
Most prevalent in the animal body
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| Linoleic Acid | 18 C: 2 DB
Grape Seed Oil
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid
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| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate
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| Creatine Phosphate | Used to add a phosphate group to ADP turning it into ATP
Also essential for muscle contraction and relaxation
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| Carbohydrates | Mainly in the form of glycogen when referring to muscle
Stored in the muscle with the greatest concentration in the liver
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| B-Complex Minerals (Water Soluble) | B1: Thiamin
B2: Riboflavin
B3: Niacin
B5: Pantothenic Acid
B6: Pyridoxine
B7: Biotin
B9: Folic Acid
B12: Cobalamin
Vitamin C
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| Fat-Soluble Vitamins | A, D, E, and K
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| Minerals | Iron (about 50% is heme iron)
Copper
Zinc
Magnesium
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| Oxygen | The most abundant element in the body
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
CatHern
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